Basic Transcription
What is transcription?
The process by which DNA is copied into RNA.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus.
True or False: Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells
False
What is a spliceosome?
A complex of enzymes that removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA segment.
What is the function of transcription factors?
These proteins control gene expression by regulating when and how genes are turned on or off.
What is the primary product of transcription?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template called?
Transcription.
Where does DNA splicing occur in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What elements give stability to new RNA?
What is the first step of DNA transcription?
Initiation
What is the name of the region where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription?
Promoter region.
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?
It carries amino acids to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.
What are introns?
Introns are sequences of DNA that are not involved in coding for proteins and are removed during RNA processing.
What is the transcription factor that has helicase and phosphorylase activity?
TFIIH
What are the three main types of RNA produced by transcription?
mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).
What is the role of the poly-A tail in mRNA?
It aids in the stability and export of mRNA from the nucleus.
What happens during the elongation phase of transcription?
RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing RNA chain.
What are exons?
Exons are coding sequences that remain in the mRNA.
What is an activator?
Protein that increases the transcription of genes by binding to specific sites on DNA and interacting with transcription factors
In transcription, which DNA strand is used as the template?
The template strand.
How does transcription in prokaryotes differ from transcription in eukaryotes?
In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, whereas in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the TATA box in transcription?
Indicates where transcription begins, and is usually located 25–35 base pairs before the transcription start site.
What is alternative splicing?
A process by which different forms of mature mRNA are generated from the same gene by including or excluding certain exons.
How does transcription end in eukaryotes?
Two transcription factors are involved: one is responsible for releasing the RNA chain, while the other recruits a polymerase to add the poly-A tail at the 3' end