Transformation Basics
Gene Expression Tools
Antibiotics 101
Antibiotic Resistance
Rainbow and GFP Labs
100

The process by which bacteria takes in foreign DNA from their environment

What is transformation?

100

This molecule mimics lactose and induces gene expression from the lac operon

What is IPTG?

100

Penicillin belongs to this class of antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall

What is beta-lactam?

100

The gene that provides resistance to ampicillin

What is the bla gene (beta-lactamase)?

100

Colonies transformed with the GFP or BFP plasmid will show this trait under UV light

What is they will fluoresce green or blue?

200

The most commonly used lab bacterium for transformation experiments

What is E. coli?

200

A DNA sequence that signals RNA polymerase where to start transcription

What is a promoter?

200

Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with this cellular structure

What is the cell wall?

200

Bacteria can gain resistance genes through mutation or this process inlvolving plasmids

What is horizontal gene transfer (or transformation)?

200

The molecule used in the lab to induce expression of fluorescent protein genes

What is IPTG?

300

This chemical is used to make bacteriak membranes more permeable to plasmid DNA

What is calcium chloride (CaCl2)?

300

The fluorescent protein that causes transformed bacteria to glow green under UV light

What is GFP (green fluorescent protein)?

300

An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by targeting ribosomes

What is tetracycline (or streptonycin)?

300

This small circular DNA molecule often carries genes for antibiotic resistance

What is a plasmid?

300

The reason colonies appear in different colours after transformation

What is they contain different fluorescent protein genes?

400

A rapid increase in the temperature that helps force DNA into bacterial cells

What is heat shock?

400

A genetic system bacteria used to control the breakdown of lactose

What is the lac operon?

400

This term describes antibiotics that stop bactrial growth without killing them

What is bacteriostatic?

400

The term for the movement of genes between bacteria, not by reproduction

What is horizontal gene transfer?

400

The reason for using multiple plasmids in the Rainbow Transformation lab

What is to show different gene expressions in bacteria?

500

Unlike chromosomal DNA, this form of DNA is small, circular, and often carries helpful genes

What is a plasmid?

500

A feature added to plasmids to help identify bacteria that took up the plasmid

What is a selectable marker?

500

The reason antibiotics don't harm human cells

What is human cells lack targets like peptidoglycan or bacterial ribosomes?
500

Misusing antibiotics creates this kind of pressure, encouraging resistant strains

What is selective pressure?

500
This would happen if IPTG were left out in the media

What is the fluorscent protein wouldn't be expressed?

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