The process by which bacteria takes in foreign DNA from their environment
What is transformation?
This molecule mimics lactose and induces gene expression from the lac operon
What is IPTG?
Penicillin belongs to this class of antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall
What is beta-lactam?
The gene that provides resistance to ampicillin
What is the bla gene (beta-lactamase)?
Colonies transformed with the GFP or BFP plasmid will show this trait under UV light
What is they will fluoresce green or blue?
The most commonly used lab bacterium for transformation experiments
What is E. coli?
A DNA sequence that signals RNA polymerase where to start transcription
What is a promoter?
Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with this cellular structure
What is the cell wall?
Bacteria can gain resistance genes through mutation or this process inlvolving plasmids
What is horizontal gene transfer (or transformation)?
The molecule used in the lab to induce expression of fluorescent protein genes
What is IPTG?
This chemical is used to make bacteriak membranes more permeable to plasmid DNA
What is calcium chloride (CaCl2)?
The fluorescent protein that causes transformed bacteria to glow green under UV light
What is GFP (green fluorescent protein)?
An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by targeting ribosomes
What is tetracycline (or streptonycin)?
This small circular DNA molecule often carries genes for antibiotic resistance
What is a plasmid?
The reason colonies appear in different colours after transformation
What is they contain different fluorescent protein genes?
A rapid increase in the temperature that helps force DNA into bacterial cells
What is heat shock?
A genetic system bacteria used to control the breakdown of lactose
What is the lac operon?
This term describes antibiotics that stop bactrial growth without killing them
What is bacteriostatic?
The term for the movement of genes between bacteria, not by reproduction
What is horizontal gene transfer?
The reason for using multiple plasmids in the Rainbow Transformation lab
What is to show different gene expressions in bacteria?
Unlike chromosomal DNA, this form of DNA is small, circular, and often carries helpful genes
What is a plasmid?
A feature added to plasmids to help identify bacteria that took up the plasmid
What is a selectable marker?
The reason antibiotics don't harm human cells
Misusing antibiotics creates this kind of pressure, encouraging resistant strains
What is selective pressure?
What is the fluorscent protein wouldn't be expressed?