Nutrition
Urinary Elimination
Bowel Elimination
Oxygenation
Perfusion
Fluids and Electrolytes
Assessment S/S
Abnormal Electrolytes
Abnormal Electrolytes
Acid/Base
100
The study of nutrients and how they are handled by the body is called _________________.
Nutrition
100
The process of ______________ is the act of emptying the bladder, urination, or voiding.
Micturation
100
Direct visualization of the lining of a hollow body organ using a long flexible tube containing glass fibers that transmit light into the organ, allowing the return of an image that can be viewed.
Endoscopy
100
The amount of blood pumped per minute, measured in liters per minute is the cardiac __________; this is expressed by the formula CO=SV x HR.
output
100
The amount of blood pumped per minute measured in liters per minute is the cardiac ___________; this is expressed by the formula ___________________.
Output
CO=HR x SV
100
______________ fluid is the fluid within cells, constituting about 70% of the total body water or 40% of adult body weight
ICF intracellular
100
Ca++ on labs is 6.0 mg/dL
Hypocalcemia 8.6-10.2 mg/dL normal
positive Chvostek's sigh
positive Trousseau's sign
cardiac conduction issues
100
Fill in normal values for
pH
pCO2
HCO3-
PaO2
SaO2
pH 7.35-7.45
pCO2 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
PaO2 80-100 mm Hg
SaO2 >95%
200
What is the body mass index (BMI) for a 20-lb man who is 6 ft 3 inches tall?
27.5 (ratio of weight in kgs to height in meters)
200
When assessing the urinary system of a newborn, the newborn should have _____ to _____ wet diapers
6 to 8
200
Use of commercial tape, dipstick, or solution to test for blood in the stool.
Fecal occult blood test
also known as guaiac test
200
The mass of tissue in the heart that initiates the transmission of cardiac impulse causing contraction of the heart is the ____________ node. It is also called the _______________.
Sinoatrial
Pacemaker
200
The mass of tissue in the heart that initiates the transmission of the cardiac impulse causing contraction of the heart is the __________ node. It is also called the ____________ of the heart.
Sinoatrial
Pacemaker
200
______________fluid is all the fluid outside the cells, accounting for about 30% of total body water or 20% of adult body weight
ECF extracellular fluid
200
K+ on labs is 6.2 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia 3.5-5.0 mEq/L normal
widened QRS=bradycardia, peaked T waves
some causes: renal failure, acidosis pulls K+ out of cells, tissue damage, salt substitutes
200
pH 7.21
pCO2 43
HCO3- 14
Metabolic acidosis
Ex: DKA, malnutrition, severe diarrhea (bicarb lost)
300
According to the BMI guidelines published in NHLBI, a person with a BMI >30 indicates ______________.
Obesity
300
Involuntary loss of urine associated with an abrupt and strong desire
Urge incontinence
300
Administered to destroy intestinal parasites
Anthelmintic enema
300
Infants born before 34 weeks may not have produced sufficient _____________, leading to collapse of the alveoli and poor alveolar exchange.
Surfactant
300
The nurse documents a disturbance of the rate and/or rhythm of the heart as a(n) _________________.
Dysrhythmia
300
____________________fluid losses cannot be measured of seen and include fluid lost from evaporation through the skin and water as vapor from the lungs during respiration.
Insensible
300
Na+ on labs is 122 mEq/L
Hyponatremia low sodium
135-145 m/Eq/L normal
fluid shifts from ECF into ICF causing cell to swell, possibly burst
Increased intracranial pressure c/o headache, hypotension, muscle cramps
300
pH 7.43
PaCO2 27
HCO3- 18
Respiratory alkalosis
Causes: Hyperventilation, fever
400
A patient with a negative nitrogen balance is in a ____________ state.
Catabolic
400
A urinary _______________ is a surgical procedure that creates an alternative route for urinary excretion.
Diversion
400
Contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestines
Peristalsis
400
This is a face mask with side vents that permits room air to enter, diluting the oxygen concentration in the mask. It is connected to oxygen tubing, using an oxygen flow rate greater than 5 l/min; it should be comfortable snug over the face but not
Venturi mask
400
The nurse documents that a patient under went aspiration of fluid from the pleural space in the electronic health record as a ________________ was performed.
Thoracentesis
400
It is the chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and cellular waste content
It controls and regulates the volume of body fluids
It is the primary regulator of ECF volume
Na+ Sodium 135-145 mEq/L
400
Na+ on labs is 165 mEq/L
Hypernatremia 135-145 mEq/L normal
fluid moves from IC to ECF, cell shrinks
CNS signs most prominent restlessness, agitation, weakness, delusions, hallucinations, seizures
BP increases, edema increases
400
pH 7.35
PaCO2 48
HCO3- 31
Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
500
The nurse teaches patients to avoid, partially hydrogenated liquid oils, referred to as _______________ fats, which raise serum cholesterol.
Trans
500
Generally, a clean-catch urine specimen should be collected _______________.
Midstream
500
A postoperative patient painful defecation due to hard, dry stools. List 3 expected outcomes for this.
1. The patient will have soft, formed BMs every 1-2 days without discomfort.
2. The patient will ambulate, increase intake of fiber and fluid intake.
3. The patient will relate the importance of timing, positioning, and privacy to healthy BM.
500
Describe two ways that oxygen is carried into the body.
1. Dissolved in plasma (2%)
2. Carried by red blood cells in the form of oxyhemoglobin (98%)
500
As with emphysema who is receiving the visiting nurse for a patient with emphysema who is receiving oxygen therapy, list five safety precautions you would initiate and confirm are in place.
1. Avoid open flames in the patient's room
2. Place "No Smoking" signs in conspicuous places in and near the patient
3. Check to see if electrical equipment is in good working order
4. Avoid using or wearing synthetic fabrics, which build up static electricity
5. Avoid using oils in the area
500
It assists the regulation of acid-base balance by exchange with H+
Role in transmission of electrical impulses in nerve, heart, skeletal, intestinal, and lung tissue
High levels can cause severe bradycardia and cardiac arrest
K+ Potassium 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
500
Mg++ on labs 4.4 mEq/L
Hypermagnesemia 1.3-2.3 mEq/L normal
N/V, muscle weakness, flushing, hypotension, hypoactive DTRs, respiratory depression
hypotension because of dilation of arterial smooth muscle
seen in renal failure over intake in IV Mg++ (in eclampsia during pregnancy) or excess consumption
500
pH 7.25
PaCO2 53
HCO3- 23
Respiratory Acidosis
Causes: Not breathing/oxygenating, OD, Pulmonary Edema, Pulmonary Embolism, Bronchospasms (asthma)
600
The fat-soluble vitamins are _______, ________, E, and _________.
A D K
600
A patient with an obstruction in the urinary tract may require insertion of a ____________, or thin catheter or tube that provides a pathway for flow of the urine.
Stent
600
Briefly describe the following types of ostomies and the characteristics of stool passed.
Ileostomy____________________________________________________________________________
Colostomy____________________________________________________________________________
Ileostomy--a portion of the ileum is redirected through the abdominal wall and a stoma created. It allows liquid fecal content to flow through the stoma.
Colostomy--a portion of the colon is redirected through the abdominal wall and a stoma created. It permits formed feces to pass through the stoma.
600
Explain how to best use this device:
The patient exhales, places their lips on the mouth piece, then takes a deep breath and observes the volume registered on the spirometer as the patient improves to maximum inspiration.
600
Define the following cardiopulmonary problems and their manifestations:
Angina
Myocardial infarction
Heart Failure
Angina--a type of myocardial ischemia that causes chest pain or discomfort
Myocardial infarction--one type of acute coronary syndrome characterized by death of heart tissue due to lack of oxygen
Heart Failure--occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood supply, resulting in inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of the tissue. Chronic HTN, CAD, and heart valve ds are risk factors. S/S dyspnea, edema, and fatigue.
600
It is a catalyst for muscle contraction
Helps regulate muscle contraction and relaxation
Has a role in blood coagulation
Major component in bones and teeth
Ca++ Calcium 8.6-10.2 mg/dL
4.5-5.1 mg/dL ionized (free)
Calcium can bind to proteins especially albumin; if albumin is low, correct before trusting serum level of Ca++
600
PO4 on labs 1.7 mg/dL
Hypophosphatemia 2.5-4.5 mg/dL normal
causes from admin. of calories to malnourished patients, ETOH withdrawal, DKA, hyperventilation, absorption problems, and diuretics
low PO4 then high Ca++ in blood; go hand-in-hand into the bones
600
pH 7.48
PaCO2 47
HCO3- 30
Metabolic Alkalosis
Causes: too many TUMS, diuretics, excessive vomiting (loss of H+), hyperaldosteronism
S/S low K+, EKG changes, muscle cramps/weakness