Translation Techniques & Strategies
Structuralist approaches to translation focus on the _____ in the translation process.
language structure
The SL word is transferred directly to the TL without changing anything.
Basically, it is the same as copying and pasting the word
Borrowing
Although both translation and interpreting are the same activity in terms of transferring messages from one language to another, they are different in terms of _____.
medium
(Translation is written, while interpreting is spoken.)
SL: I have a red car.
TL: Saya memiliki mobil merah.
Explain the possible steps of translating the underlined phrase.
Any answer having a similar idea as below is correct:
(1) The meaning of the phrase is identified to find out whether it has only denotative meaning or also has a connotative meaning as well.
(2) Since the phrase only has a denotative meaning, the phrase can be translated literally and word-by-word into the TL.
(3) The literal & word-by-word translation produces a phrase "merah mobil".
(4) However, the phrase structure does not follow the TL rule. So, the phrase structure is adjusted to match the TL rule.
(5) Finally, the translation result is "mobil merah".
A _____ is an overall orientation of the translator.
strategy
Word-for-word translation
Usually used if SL and TL have similar cultural references and/or language system.
Might not work with languages with distinctive roots
Literal Translation
According to Munday (2016), translation can be treated or perceived from three points of view. What are they?
(1) the general subject field or phenomenon
(2) the product
(3) the process
SL: Satu-satunya organisasi internasional untuk Pencak Silat didirikan di Jakarta pada 11 Maret 1980.
TL: The one and only international organization for Pencak Silat sport was founded in Jakarta on 11 March 1980.
Explain the possible steps of translating the underlined phrase.
Any answer having a similar idea as below is correct:
(1) Identify the meaning of Pencak Silat, a type of sports (traditional martial arts) from Indonesia.
(2) The phrase is a culture-specific phrase.
(3) It is possible that there is no equivalent term in English.
(4) So, it is okay to borrow the terms.
(5) To make the translation smoother, the word "sport" can be added to clarify what Pencak Silat is.
(6) Finally, the translation is "Pencak Silat sport".
Meanwhile, a _____ is a specific technique or method used by the translator at a certain point in a text.
procedure
_____ is translating an SL phrase/concept, literally word-for-word or root-for-root into a TL word. Although it is literal, the translation changes to fit the grammar or morphemes of the TL so it becomes a permanent and naturalized part of the TL vocabulary.
Calque
What is the main difference between intralingual translation & interlingual translation?
All answer containing similar idea below is correct:
Intralingual translation happens within one language, while interlingual translation happens between two languages.
SL: Fraud is a not unusual phenomenon in Indonesia.
TL: Kecurangan adalah fenomena yang wajar di Indonesia.
Explain the possible steps of translating the underlined phrase.
Any answer having a similar idea as below is correct:
(1) Identify the meaning of the phrase.
(2) The word "unusual" means "not usual". So the word phrase is "not unusual", it means "not not-usual" or "usual" or common. --> Negative & negative becomes positive.
(3) So, the translation is "wajar" or "biasa".
The two translation strategies by Vinay & Darbelnet are _____ & _____ translations
Direct & Oblique
A change of one part of speech for another without changing the sense. It can be either obligatory or optional.
Transposition
What makes intersemiotic translation different from both interlingual & intralingual translation?
All answer containing similar idea below is correct:
While both intralingual & interlingual translations deal with a transfer between verbal signs (words & texts), intersemiotic translation deal with a transfer from verbal signs to non-verbal signs or vice versa.
SL: Rasa cinta seseorang kepada kita bukanlah hal yang dapat kita ukur.
TL: You cannot measure how deep someone loves you.
What is the difference (not because each comes from different language) between the underlined words above which shares similar meaning?
Cinta --> Noun
Loves --> Verb