Transcription
This enzyme copies DNA sequence into an RNA sequence
RNA polymerase
"trp" in trp operon stands for this amino acid
Tryptophan
A mutation is best defined as
a heritable change in DNA sequence
What is the cellular structure in which translation occurs
Ribosome
This molecule carries genetic information and is the main template for gene expression
DNA
RNA polymerase binds to this area of the DNA
Promoter
The –10 region of a promoter is also known as this
TATA Box
Chemicals and radiation are known to
Increase the risk of mutations
This type of RNA carries the coded message from DNA to the ribosome
mRNA
This type of RNA is made during transcription and later used to make proteins
mRNA
This process occurs when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the gene
Initiation
This protein is wrapped around DNA and also acts as an on/offswitch
Histones
Insertion or deletion of one or more bases
A frame shift mutation
During translation, this RNA molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
These are short DNA sequences that bind to activator proteins and increase transcription
Enhancers
This process involves the cutting of exons and joining of exons
RNA splicing
This type of gene expression means the gene is normally on but can be turned of depending on the conditions
Repressible gene expression
An amino acid substitution
Missense mutation
These three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA each specify an amino acid
Codons
In prokaryotes, this protein binds to operator regions and reduce or block transcription from occurring
Repressor
The bottom strand of DNA during transcription is also known as
Template strand
The p53 gene is a tumor suppression gene that prevents this uncontrolled cell growth
Cancer
Causes a protein to end its translation earlier than expected
Nonsense mutation
These three binding sites on the ribosome are known as the A,P, and E sites; together they conduct this step-by-step process known as...
Elongation
Acetyl groups added to histone tails often have this effect on transcription
increasing transcription / promoting gene expression