Transport Layer Basics
What layer is responsible for logical communications between applications running on different hosts?
Transport layer
Because TCP negotiates and establishes a permanent connection between devices prior to forwarding traffic, what type of protocol is it considered?
Connection-oriented
Because UDP does not establish a session before sending data, what type of protocol is it?
Connectionless
What transport layer feature is used to manage multiple, simultaneous conversations and identify specific applications?
Port numbers
What is the name of the process TCP uses to verify destination presence and establish a session?
Three-way handshake
What process enables different communication conversations to be interleaved on the same network?
Multiplexing
How many bytes are in a standard TCP header?
20 Bytes
What type of delivery protocol is UDP known as because it provides no acknowledgment that data is received?
Best-effort
What is the combination of an IP address and a port number called?
A socket
During session establishment, what control bit flag is used to synchronize sequence numbers?
SYN
What process facilitates data transport by lower network layers by dividing data into smaller pieces?
Segmentation
What 32-bit TCP header field is used for data reassembly purposes?
Sequence Number
How many bytes make up a complete UDP header?
8 Bytes
What port number range represents well-known ports reserved for common applications like web browsers and email?
0 to 1,023
When a client has no more data to send, what flag does it set in the segment to begin session termination?
FIN
What two primary protocols make up the transport layer?
TCP and UDP
What 16-bit TCP header field is used to indicate the number of bytes that can be accepted at one time?
Window size
How many fields are contained within a UDP header?
Four fields
What is the alternative name for private or dynamic ports in the 49,152 to 65,535 range?
Ephemeral ports
What flag is used to acknowledge the receipt of flags during both connection establishment and session termination?
ACK
What does the transport layer add to each piece of segmented data to help identify, separate, and manage multiple conversations?
Header Information
Because TCP keeps track of the communication session, including sent and acknowledged information, what type of protocol is it known as?
Stateful protocol
What 16-bit field in the UDP header is used for error checking of the datagram header and data?
Checksum
What specific well-known TCP port number is reserved for Secure Shell (SSH)?
22
What control bit flag is used to reset a TCP connection when an error or timeout occurs?
RST