the mnemonic to remember the order of the femoral vascular bundle from lateral to medial.
What is NAVEL?
100
The % of blood loss that may produce hypotension while patient is supine.
What is 30%? (Lawrence, 94)
100
The most common cause of cardiac tamponade.
What is chest trauma? (Lawrence, 96)
100
The mechanism by which intraabdominal pressure is most easily measured.
What is a bladder catheter? (Lawrence, 97)
100
Histamine, Kinins, Prostacyclin, NO
What are inflammatory mediators? (Lawrence, 100)
200
the sites where venous resistance and arterial resistance is greatest.
What is the abdomen/thorax and arterioles? (Lawrence, 92)
200
The fluids used for volume replacement.
What is crystalloid and colloid? (Lawrence, 95)
200
The most effective therapy for tamponade.
What is pericardiocentesis/pericardial window/repair of cardiac wound? (Lawrence, 96)
200
The only major circulatory deficit that can be worsened by administration of fluids.
What is cardiogenic shock? (Lawrence, 98)
200
The exudation of plasma volume into inflammatory foci, the accumulation of fluid in the GI tract, and the migration of fluid into cells.
What is the third space? (Lawrence, 100)
300
The primary mechanism for inadequate oxygen delivery.
What is hypoperfusion? (Lawrence, 93)
300
A patient presents with hypovolemia and is not responding to large amounts of crystalloid or colloid administrations. The logical adjunct that should be added now is...
What is dopamine? (Lawrence, 96)
300
A patient presents with muffled heart sounds and JVD. The classic EKG would show...
What is low voltage? (Lawrence, 96)
300
Nitroprusside and narcotic use in the treatment of cardiogenic shock work to ___ ___.
What is reduce afterload? (Lawrence, 98).
300
2 or more of the following: temp >38.5C or <36C; HR >90BPM; RR >20 or PaCO2 <32 Torr; total leukocyte count >12,000, <4,000, or >10% immature forms
What is the criteria for SIRS? (Lawrence, 99)
400
Insulin and glucagon cause a ___ and ___ neurohumoral response to hypoperfusion.
What is decreased and increased? (Lawrence, 93)
400
One of the mechanisms of decreased venous return.
What is increased capillary permeability? (Lawrence, 94)
400
The physical exam signs of a tension pneumothorax.
What is cyanosis, decreased breath sounds, and tympany? (Lawrence, 97)
400
The distinguishing feature between cardiogenic shock and CHF.
What is significant reductions in systolic BP? (Lawrence, 98)
400
Two organ systems that are particularly prone to regional ischemia when severe inflammation causes deficits in the microcirculation.
What are the GI tract and kidneys? (Lawrence, 100)
500
Total body hypoperfusion causes a reduction in CO due to two main mechanisms.
What are loss of volume and loss of cardiac function? (Lawrence, 93)