ABCDE Evaluation
Secondary Survey
Head Trauma
Abdominal Trauma
Chest Trauma
100
What does the "B" stand for?
Ventilation
100
What is another name used for "second survey"?
head-to-toe examination
100
temporary altered consciousness
Cerebral Concussion
100
The commonest organ injured in penetrating trauma
Liver
100
What % of deaths due to trauma are attributed to thoracic injury.
25%
200
What does the "D" stand for?
Disability - Rapid neurological assesment
200
1 thing to look for in the head examination?
• scalp and ocular abnormalities • external ear and tympanic membrane • periorbital soft tissue injuries.
200
an impaction of fragmented skull that may result in penetration of the underlying dura and brain.
Depressed skull fracture
200
The two basic categories of abdominal trauma
Penetrating Non-Penetrating
200
What is the unstable segment moves separately and in an opposite direction from the rest of the thoracic cage during the respiration cycle.
Flail chest
300
What is the priority in letter "C" ?
Look for hemorrhage and stop it with direct pressure (in case there is any)
300
2 things to look for in neck examination?
• penetrating wounds • subcutaneous emphysema • tracheal deviation • neck vein appearance.
300
may result from acute injury or progres- sive damage secondary to contusion.
Intracerebral haematoma
300
Two most common penetrating trauma
stabbing gunshot
300
Penetrating cardiac injuries give us...
Pericardeal Tamponade
400
What scale do you use when there is no time for Glasgow´s Coma Scale?
• awake A • verbalresponse V • painfulresponse P • unresponsive U
400
What Scale to use for brain function assessment during the second survey?
Glasgow Coma Scale
400
bruising of the eyelids (Racoon eyes) or over the mastoid process (Battle’s sign), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from ears and/or nose
Base skull fracture
400
Mention 2 Non penetrating abdominal trauma causes
• compression • crush • seat belt • acceleration/deceleration injuries.
400
Develops when air enters the pleural space but cannot leave. The consequence is progressively increasing intrathoracic pressure in the affected side resulting in mediastinal shift.
Tension Phneumothorax
500
What are 3 sign of airway obstruction?
• snoring or gurgling • stridor or abnormal breath sounds • agitation (hypoxia) • use of the accessory muscles • cyanosis.
500
3 things to look for in the chest examination?
• clavicles and all ribs • breath sounds and heart tones • ECGmonitoring(ifavailable).
500
clotted blood in the subdural space, accompanied by severe contusion of the underlying brain. It occurs from tear- ing of bridging vein between the cortex and the dura.
Acute subdural haematoma
500
What percentage of trauma patients with acute haemoperitoneum (blood in abdomen) have no signs of peritoneal irritation at the first examination and the value of REPEATED PRIMARY SURVEY
20%
500
Occurs in patients with severe decelerating forces such as high speed car accidents or a fall from a great height. They have high mortality as the cardiac output is 5 l/min and the total blood volume in an adult is 5 litres.
Thoracic aorta rupture
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