Vital Signs
The 5 Vital Signs
BP, Pulse, RR, Temp, O2 sat
the difference between oxygenation and ventilation
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describe the pump, tank, and pipes.
heart, volume, and veins
the four stages of shock
initial
compensatory
progressive
refractory
observable signs of respiratory distress
tripod, shallow breathing, accessory muscle use, pale, tachypnea
spontaneous breathing generates this pressure in the lungs for inspiration
negative
pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed
*what is the units of measurement
diastolic
the four types of shock
distributive, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic,
obstructive
normal HR and BP value
60-100, and 120/80
first step to relieve airway obstruction (no C/spine)
head tilt chin lift
formula for cardiac output
SV x HR
what can cause distributive shock
sepsis, neurogenic, anaphylactic, toxins
non-pharmacologic ways to treat fever
ice packs to groin, axilla, fan, cooling mat
predictors of difficult ventilation
M – MASK SEAL
TRAUMA, BEARD, BLOOD
O – OBESE
A – AGE
OVER 50
N – NO TEETH
S – SNORES & STIFF
STIFF NECK OR STIFF LUNGS EX. ASTHMAN
perfusion to the heart occurs during
signs and symptoms of early shock
ØTachycardic (elevated heart rate 110-120 bpm). Medications such as beta blockers may blunt this response
ØRapid shallow breathing
ØAgitated or restless
ØDecreased urine output
ØSlight temperature rise
describe how pain affects each vital sign
RR - tachypnea
BP - increase
Pulse - increase
SpO2 - can decrease if shallow breathing
how do you know you are ventilating your patient?
- Rise and fall of the chest
- Look at mask - condensation and fog in the mask with exhalation.
- Use of capnography - measures etCO2 and expired gas.
- Breath Sounds
- O2 sat - if it drops you are not ventilating
describe preload, afterload, and contractility as they relate to stroke volume
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discuss the use of crystalloids or colloids in shock
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