Analgesic Agents
Well tolerated First line agent for mild to moderate pain
What is Acetaminophen
Pain control improvement, reduced opioid requirements and side effects, facilitate early mobilization and recovery, minimize risk of chronic pain development, and enhance patient satisfaction.
What are the 5 goals of multimodal pain management?
Assessments are done through the following tools Numeric Rating Scale, FLACC, NPASS, Wong-Baker Faces
What are pain scoring scales?
Frequent changes to reduce localized pressure and improve comfort
What is Repositioning?
Effective for inflammatory and musculoskeletal pain contraindicated with GI bleed and Renal impairment
What are NSAIDS
Non-opioid pharmacologic agents, opioid analgesics, non-pharmacologic interventions, regional anesthesia techniques.
What are the core components of multimodal pain management?
A series of six faces scored from happy (0-no hurt) to sad (10-hurt), to help children and adults communicate their pain to healthcare professionals.
What is the Wong-Baker / FACES scale
Therapy that helps reduce inflammation and numbs pain.
What is Cold Therapy?
Useful for localized and neuropathic pain by blocking sodium channels
What is LIDOCAINE (IV infusion or Topical)
Some symptoms that are not desired after opioid administration include respiratory depression, lethargy, loss of coordination, confusion, and hypotension.
What is over-sedation?
Assessing of pain after 30 minutes.
What is the timeframe to reassess after IV pain medication administration?
Any relaxation technique, including listening to music, guided imagery, and breathing exercises
What are Cognitive-Behavioral strategies?
Reserved for moderate to severe pain.Start with lowest effective dose and transition to PO route ASAP
S/E nausea, vomiting, constipation, sedation, respiratory depression
What are OPIOIDS
After pain medication is administered the patient has an elevated heart rate, is crying, and guarding the site of injury.
What is under-sedation?
Assessment of pain after 60 minutes.
What is the timeframe to reassess after PO pain medication administration?
Alleviates muscle tension and improves blood flow, to be avoided in areas with active inflammation.
What is Heat Therapy?
Indicated for localized extremity trauma, peri-operative pain.Done by trauma service or anesthesia
eg) femoral for hip fx's, brachial plexus for rib fx's
What are PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS