Neuroscience Facts
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
This quantitative scale, ranging from 3 to 15, is the most common tool used by emergency responders to assess a TBI patient's level of consciousness. How severe can TBIs be?
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
A prevalent ailment for the elderly population that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a blood clot.
What is a Stroke?
What lobe of the brain is used for executive functions?
What is the Frontal lobe?
This common post-concussion symptom involves a persistent, often throbbing pain in the head.
What is a headache?
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
Responsible for unconscious actions like breathing, heartbeat, and digestive processes
What causes Traumatic Brain Injury to occur?
What is an external force that damages the brain like a severe jolt?
If the blood flow is depleted of oxygen, then irreversible brain injury can occur from no oxygen or reduced oxygen.
What is Hypoxia?
What lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sounds?
What is the temporal lobe?
This is the term for a temporary loss of memory following a TBI, specifically the inability to recall events that occurred after the injury.
What is anterograde amnesia?
What is the somatic nervous system?
Part of the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for voluntary movement and relaying sensory information
These two things are the most common causes of TBIs
What are falls and motor vehicle accidents
This type of injury results from bullet wounds, exhibits largely focal damage, and, as a result, there is penetration to the skull. Hint - effects can be just as serious as a closed brain injury
What is an Open Head Injury
What part of the brain is responsible for memory?
What is the Hippocampus?
This type of therapy helps TBI patients restore balance, coordination, and walking ability after an injury has affected their motor skills.
What is Physical Therapy?
what is cerebral spinal fluid?
colorless fluid that provides a cushion for the brain and spinal cord and transports nutrients/waste products
What age range of people are most prone to TBIs?
children under the age of one and adults 65 years or older
A focal injury where the brain is bruised on both the side of impact and the opposite side as it sloshes within the skull.
What is Coup-Contrecoup Injury?
What part of the brain is responsible for balance?
What is the cerebellum?
Damage to this specific, small lobe on the side of the brain is often responsible for post-TBI symptoms related to hearing loss, difficulty understanding language, and memory retrieval problems.
What is the Temporal Lobe?
What are the layers of the meninges?
What is the number of people who sustain TBI each year?
What is 2.8 million people in the US?
This predicament is characterized by bleeding in the brain (occurs when a blood vessel ruptures causing blood to leak into the brain tissue or surrounding spaces)
What is an Interncranial Hemorrhage?
While not a neuron, this type of glial cell is known as the "star cell" and is crucial for forming the blood-brain barrier, and provides structural support for blood vessels and maintains the interstitial.
What is an Astrocyte?
To protect the brain after a severe injury, doctors may induce this state, often done by administering medication to slow down brain metabolism and lower intracranial pressure.
What is a medically induced coma?