The Road to Plessy
Traveling by Train
Traveling by Car
Traveling by Bus
Traveling by Plane
Traveling for Civil Rights
Traveling for Freedom
100
This president allowed the South to continue Reconstruction on their own terms
Who is President Andrew Johnson (pg 51)
100
This was the consequence for a black person continuing to refuse giving up their seat for a white person
What is ultimately jail time? (or thrown off)
100
One of the first industrial giants to employ African Americans
What is Ford? (pg 251)
100
Jitneys are ____.
A) car based buses
B) bus based cars
What are car based buses that created a more affordable way of transportation? They were just as reliable as street cars and were a way for blacks to boycott public transportation from white owned businesses
100
Airplanes were subjected to _____:
A) Official Jim Crow laws
B) Nonofficial segregational practices
What is B, Nonofficial segregational practices? (pg 202)
100
This was causing the rubber supply restrictions, and consequently had black passengers waiting for as long as days to get seats because white people had first choice
What is World War 2?
100
Kennedy wrote a letter calling for this of restaurants and other public spaces
What is voluntary desegregation?
200
In 1881, this state was first to pass a “separate but equal” law that made it legal to furnish separate cars to segregate black passengers as long as they had equal repair, conveniences, and rules
What is Tennessee? (passed their separate car law after four black Republicans led a campaign trying to secure equal accommodations for Blacks on state railways, pg 81)
200
This describes the process of buying a train ticket for a black man
What is like “torture”? (You’d have to stand outside and wait until every white person at the window was cleared)
200
This is one of the reasons that black travel guides were unsuccessful (Why didn't a lot of people buy them)
What is they did not have sufficient circulation or advertising? (pg 312)
200
This is why black people were forced to sit in the back of the bus instead of the front
What is because the back of buses had rundown and uncomfortable seating with most people's legs being unable to touch the floor. There was also poor ventilation as well.
200
The Lindenbergs groundbreaking solo flight over the Atlantic was during this year
When is 1927? (pg 203-204)
200
Race relations were less explosive on southern trains than on buses because of this
What is in the South, black people were forced to ride in separate cars? This lessened the chance of an altercation happening in the first place, unless they decided to challenge segregation (pg 444)
200
This is why did the Freedom Riders never made it to New Orleans
What is they were arrested immediately after they entered the Jackson bus terminal’s whites-only waiting room?
300
African Americans were forced to sit here on steamships even if they paid for a full-fare ticket.
What is Outside? (Oftentimes they would pay for full-fare tickets, but they would be forced to stay outside in the half-fare section even if the outside conditions were terrible, pg 34)
300
Jim Crow Cars specifically endangered the lives of black passengers because of this
What is railroads saved money on Jim Crow Cars by repurposing old wooden train cars while newer cars were made out of metal for white passengers? When trains crashed Jim Crow Cars were much more destructible, and often placed right behind the engine (Section: Jim Crow Wrecks)
300
Since African Americans were not accepted in upper society, they utilized vehicles as a symbol of _____
What is citizenship and class? (pg 249)
300
White bus drivers had this amount of power
What is they were considered special police and were able to arrest anyone who disobeyed the Jim Crow Laws?
300
NAACP Lawyer Robert Carter claims that “Segregation in air transportation is not uniform in Southern areas because..." (finish the quote)
What is "It is a new means of transportation and age-old customs and usages do not immediately take hold"? (pg 218)
300
In an effort to subtly “silent protest” their frustrations regarding Jim Crow during the war years, these are three examples of things black people started doing to stop tolerating segregation
What is refusing to tip their hats for whites, make room for pedestrians on jammed sidewalks, or give up their seats on crowded buses? (pg 449-450)
300
This man was the elected governor's name that was endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan in 1958
Who is John Malcom Patterson?
400
This group of black Americans were feared by white citizens because their often well-dressed and respectable appearance challenged the status quo
Who are middle class black Americans? (They symbolized emancipation itself, and they were also a complete challenge of the status quo as they were often well-dressed and respectable. This generally made them unwelcomed by whites, pg 33)
400
This is why black customers were forced to pay first class fares to sit in Jim Crow Cars
What is railroads eliminated second class tickets while continuing to segregate blacks to Jim Crow Cars, so blacks were forced to pay higher fare for the same terrible conditions? (Section: For the Same Money)
400
This is why several African Americans purchased inexpensive automobiles when they could have purchased luxurious or pricey ones
What is because they did not want to “offend” white people and wanted to maintain a "low profile" in order to avoid attracting attention?
400
The Union Transportation Company is ____ and its purpose is _____
What is it was the first autobus company in the nation? It was created to keep blacks off of streetcars and to keep them boycotting (pg 277)
400
During the early years of aviation blacks were ____:
A) Not allowed to fly planes
B) Allowed to eat brains
C) Not allowed to eat brains
D) Allowed to fly planes
What is A? The first colored pilot took off in world war in World War 1 well into the 1930’s. White aviation experts insisted blacks were too racially inferior to pilot planes. Blacks were barred from military aeronautical training for many years and were not allowed at many flight schools. (pg 202)
400
She is often hailed as the “first freedom rider” even though she was not the first African American to win a transportation discrimination case in the U.S.
Who is Irene Morgan?
400
This was when the legislation that came out of the Birmingham crisis actually become law (the date)
When is July, 2 1964?
500
Before the start of abolition movements in northern states, it was socially accepted for black women to ride in this cabin because it could be assumed that they were slaves or servants
What is the Ladies’ cabin? (It was socially acceptable for black women to ride in ladies’ cars before abolitionist movements because these women could be assumed to be enslaved maids which made it acceptable in the minds of white passengers, pg 30-31)
500
These were the conditions blacks faced in train station waiting rooms
What is Blacks were forced to wait to buy their tickets until all white customers had been taken care of, their waiting rooms were dirty and not taken care of, they were often right next to the bathrooms, and were completely separated from the main station? (Section: Jim Crow Journeys)
500
This is why insurance companies were cancelling the accounts of all African American policyholders
What is for an accident between an African American and White man, the African American man is blamed regardless of the circumstances? (pg 277)
500
_____ was ONE of the transportation companies that were created specifically for Black passengers during the 1920s.
What is the John M. Drew Bus Company or Brooks Bus company (pg 297-298)
500
In 1930, This is how did Air Corps justified the absence of Negroes in the Air Corps
What is they claimed that Black People did not express any interest in flying/Not acknowledging the fact that they refused to accept any applications for Negroes during the years prior? (pg 196)
500
Considered as a gateway to the South, Virginia was seen as a perennial hotspot for racial incidents on trains and buses because of this
What is its border with Washington D.C. was a point where many southbound black travelers shifted from integrated to segregated seating, and was within commuting distance of both D.C and Maryland? (pg 455)
500
JFK issued a personal apology on April 27th to this person
Who is William Fitzjohn? (because he was denied service by a waitress who was not very friendly least to say)