Period 1 vs. Period 6
True or False: Throughout the Period 1 - Period 6, Native Americans were excluded and denied citizenship in the United States. Particularly in the 19th century when African American men got the right to vote in 1868, Native American men were not granted it because of the Fourteenth Amendment's "excluding Indians not taxed" clause.
True
Goods were exchanged between the new and old world, for example gold, silver, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and more were introduced to the old world from the new world. In exchange, the Europeans introduced things like sugar, rice, coffee, and illnesses such as smallpox and measles to the Natives. What historical event were these items exchanged in?
The Columbian Exchange
In 1879, Richard Henry Pratt founded this institution in which Native American children were taken from their family homes and sent here, in order to learn how to live more like the White Americans. The goal of this place was to remove the culture of the Natives. What was this place called?
The Carlisle School
This act was signed into law on May 28, 1830, by United States President Andrew Jackson. The law, as described by Congress, provided "for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi."
the Indian removal act
In both Period 1 and 6, native americans attempted to defend and maintain their political sovereignty, economic strength, religious beliefs, and ideas of gender relations. Refresher question: What native revolt on 1680 in New Mexico successfully overthrew the Spanish in Period 1?
Popé’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt, Pueblo Rebellion)
On their feet and bodies, the Europeans carried something over to America, which harmed the Natives and killed off heaps of their populations since they had not been exposed to these things ever before. What was on their feet and bodies?
illnesses brought by Europeans (influenza, smallpox, measles.
These were utilized by the Americans in order to force Natives to live in these one area, and stay on these certain allotments of land in order to keep them in one restricted area. What is the name for these areas?
Reservations
When cherokee indians were forced to leave their lands, so they traveled from north carolina and georgia through tennessee, kentucky, illinois, missouri, and arkansas - more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the indian territory. Over 4,000 died.
the Trail of Tears (result of the Indian Removal Act)
In Period 1, these people used the encomienda system in order to use the Native Americans to their own advantage. In Period 6, another group of people purposely tried to remove Native culture from Native Americans. What were these groups?
Period 1 - Spanish, Period 6 - Americans
Responsible for giving the Shawnee and Lenape native tribes blankets with smallpox, _________________ and _________________ killed off many members of the Native population. Who were the two people responsible?
Sir Jeffery Amherst and General Thomas Gage
The Spanish imposed control over the natives and other mixed races. They used a specific system in order to show the hierarchy based on race. This represented forced control because the Spanish were at the top of the pyramid, solely based on the fact that they were born in Spain. What system was this?
The caste system.
The united states supreme court case where the cherokee nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the u.s. state of georgia depriving them of rights. chief justice john marshall upheld the cherokee nation's legal right to their land. Ultimately, jackson ended up pushing the eastern indian tribes west of mississippi anyways
georgia v. cherokee nation
Both in Period 1 and Period 6, the Native Americans were treated… (explain how they were treated)
Unfairly, unjustly, without respect, due to the fact that they were different from the typical White European or White American
With the help of the effects of the introduction of new illness to the Natives, ________________________ was able to gain the Aztec Empire and extend Spanish power over it. Who was able to gain the Aztec Empire?
Hernan Cortes
General Richard Henry Pratt was the founder of the Carlisle School. His actions regarding Native Americans were all justified using one saying. What was this saying?
“Kill the Indian, save the man.”
The day of December 1890 when U.S. soldiers surrounded and slaughtered about 300 Lakota men, women, and children in South Dakota.
Wounded Knee Massacre
How were the motivations for the treatment of Natives in Period 1 (Spanish/European) and Period 6 (Americans) different?
In Period 1, the Spanish were motivated by the want to spread their religion to more people, while in Period 6, they were motivated to make the Natives equal to European-Americans, which was only done if they lost their native cultures and assimilated.
Besides accidentally introducing illnesses and bringing new goods, Europeans also brought a certain practice that the Natives were forced into following through things like the encomienda system. What did the Spanish transfer through the encomienda system?
Christianity
The Spanish forced the Native Americans into a system that was supposedly a “win-win.” Through this system, the Native Americans forcibly gained Christianity and the Spanish gained laborers. What was this system?
The Encomienda System
The 1862 act that gave 160 acres of free western land to any applicant who occupied and improved the property. It led to the displacement of MANY native americans and the growth of railroads.
the Homestead Act