History of Therapy
Early institutions that housed mentally ill people in poor conditions.
Asylums
Medications that block dopamine and treat positive psychosis symptoms.
Antipsychotics
Therapy focusing on unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
Psychodynamic therapy
Technique pairing unwanted behavior with unpleasant stimuli.
Aversive conditioning
Procedure using electrical currents to treat severe depression.
ECT
Advocate for humane treatment in French asylums.
Philippe Pinel
Atypical antipsychotics target dopamine and this neurotransmitter.
Serotonin
Carl Rogers’ empathetic, client-led therapy.
Client-centered therapy
Gradual exposure used to reduce fear responses.
Systematic desensitization
Non-invasive brain stimulation using magnetic pulses.
TMS
Reformer who improved U.S. mental hospital conditions.
Dorothea Dix
Antidepressants that block serotonin reuptake.
SSRIs
Listening method that involves reflecting and restating.
Active listening
Exposure therapy using simulated environments.
Virtual Reality Therapy (VRET)
Surgical implantation of electrodes into specific brain areas.
Deep-brain stimulation
Doctor who developed the leucotomy, the first lobotomy.
Dr. Antonio Egas Moniz
Anti-anxiety drugs that enhance GABA
Benzodiazepines
Therapy focused on changing negative thought patterns.
Cognitive therapy
Reward-based system for reinforcing desired behaviors.
Token economy
Movement to shift people out of mental hospitals.
Deinstitutionalization
Walter Freeman’s lobotomy technique using an ice-pick tool through the eye.
Transorbital lobotomy
Drugs that increase dopamine and norepinephrine used for ADHD.
Psychostimulants
Integrative therapy combining cognitive and behavioral techniques.
CBT
Aaron Beck’s process of challenging distorted thoughts.
Cognitive restructuring
Medications that stabilize mood by affecting norepinephrine.
Mood stabilizers