Geography
Across what ocean was the Triangle trade?
Atlantic
What was taken from Africa and shipped to the Americas?
Enslaved people
Why were more men than women taken initially as slaves to the New World?
To do more manual labor
Who were Peninsulares?
People born in Spain or Portugal who then held leadership roles in the New World.
Why did colonizers turn to Africa for their labor source instead of the Native population in the Americas?
Natives died from disease.
Name the three points of the "triangle" in the triangle trade.
Europe, Africa and the Americas
What were the main things cultivated in the Americas and shipped back to Europe?
Raw materials, crops
Give two examples of "cash crops" grown in the Americas.
Sugarcane, Tobacco, Cotton
Who were Creoles?
People of Spanish or European descent but born in the New World. Could not hold high level positions.
Who became very very wealthy from the triangle trade?
What was good about regions like the Caribbean and the American South that made them good places for crop cultivation?
Climate/rain/hot/sunny
What were some of the goods that European merchants traded with African slavers in exchange for enslaved people?
Guns, tools, and manufactured goods
Name two differences between Trans-Atlantic slavery and slavery in other civilizations such as Greece, Rome, Aztec Maya.
Not race based, could sometimes buy or attain freedom, not treated as harshly, in Aztec/Maya culture could be used for human sacrifice.
Who were mestizos?
People of mixed European and indigenous descent.
What were some of the impacts of the slave trade felt in Africa? (Some still felt today)
Population loss, warfare, gender imbalance, instability, poverty
From what coast of Africa were the majority of enslaved people taken?
West Africa
What was the main resource that European countries were after in the New World INITIALLY?
Gold/silver
What was the name of the voyage taken by enslaved people from Africa to the New World?
The Middle Passage
Who were mulattoes?
People of mixed African and Indigenous/European ancestry.
What impact did the triangle trade and the slave trade have on the cultural and ethnic makeup of the Americas?
Culturally/ethnically diverse
To which region of the Americas were the most enslaved people taken?
Caribbean
What was the name of the system of forced labor where the Spanish made indigenous people live and work on large farms or in mines?
Encomienda (mita) system
What does it mean to "abolish" something?
To get rid of or make illegal.
Give an example of armed, economic AND cultural resistance practiced by enslaved people.
Fighting back, raiding slave trade, boycotting slave trade, forming maroon communities, maintaining their own culture and religions.
Discuss how slavery was different in the Caribbean and Brazil than it was in North America.
In North America, there was more of a balance of women and men. In the other regions, mainly men were brought over. Conditions were more brutal in the Caribbean and Brazil. More slaves died. In North America, populations grew because slaves reproduced more.