Feedback Mechanisms
What is the last stage of a signal transduction pathway?
The Response
Which phase do cells spend the most time in?
Interphase
What is the result of mitosis?
Two identical daughter cells
What do you call an individual that has both a dominant and recessive allele?
Heterozygous
What is the function of the mitochondria?
It produces ATP (energy) via cellular respiration
The body's ability to maintain blood glucose levels is an example of a _________________ feedback mechanism
Negative
What is the phase where DNA is replicated?
S Phase
What are the 5 phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
What kind of dominance is being shown when a red cow mates with a white cow and the resulting offspring is red and white spotted?
Codominance
What process do plants use to capture energy from the Sun?
Photosynthesis
What type of receptor would a hydrophobic molecule bind to?
Intracellular
If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint it goes into an inactive stated called _________.
G0
In which stage of Meiosis is crossing over happening?
Prophase I/Metaphase I
Color blindness is a recessive X-linked disorder. A woman who is a carrier for color blindness marries a normal visioned man. What is the probability that they have a child that's colorblind?
25%
How can variables like temperature and pH affect enzymes?
They can change their shape (denature) if it's not the optimal conditions.
What is the role of a protein phosphatase?
Removes the phosphate group
Which checkpoint must be passed in order for the cell to proceed to mitosis?
M Checkpoint
If an organism's diploid set of chromosomes is 40 how many chromosomes would be found in each of its gametes?
20
What are the possible allele combinations of an organism with the genotype AaBB?
AB, aB
What's one difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?
Presence of oxygen/no presence of oxygen; Amount of ATP produced; location of process; final electron acceptor
Which body system utilizes long distance signaling?
Endocrine System
Cancer is the result of when cells divide uncontrollably. How do cells normally combat division of problematic cells?
Apoptosis
What is the evolutionary advantage of meiosis over mitosis?
There is more variation
What is the classic Mendelian phenotypic ratio expressed when two heterozygous organisms (AaBb) are crossed?
9:3:3:1
Which way will water flow if a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?
No net movement/equal movement in and out