Notable and Quotable
"the Father remains ineffable to the Son, and the Word can neither see nor know the Father perfectly and accurately"
Arius
Arius, famous for his eventually-condemned theologies of the Trinity and Incarnation, was a priest of this ancient city.
Origen, a giant in pre-Nicaean theology and exegesis, known also for holding Trinitarian positions that border on subordinationism, died in the middle of this century
3rd
Denying the co-eternity of the Son, this 4th century figure adopted the slogan "there was once when the Son was not"
Arius
This late 2nd century, early 3rd century figure was the first to use the terms "Trinity" and "persons" in his Trinitarian theology
Tertullian
"The God and Father...is superior to every being that exists...; the Son, being less than the Father is superior to rational creatures alone."
Origen
Theophilus of Antioch, known for thinking of the Son as the Wisdom of God, has been compared to the Jewish thinker Philo, who hailed from this city.
Hildebrand writes of a shift in theology towards that of the Apologists after the legalization of Christianity with the Edict of Milan, propagated in this year.
313
Irenaeus wrote strongly against this heresy, which separated, in Hildebrand's paraphrase, "God from his word and Spirit, the Word from his flesh, the Spirit from his prophets, the creator from the physical world..."
Gnosticism
Justin Martyr, seeing the Father as transcendent and the Son as immanent, held that it was this person of the Trinity who spoke when God spoke to his people in the OT.
The Son
"...the Son is nearest to him who is alone the almighty one, is the most perfect.”
Clement of Alexandria
Tertullian, the most well-known ante-Nicaean figure from the West, was from Carthage, situated in this present-day country
The Council of Nicaea, which combated the Arian heresy and confirmed the consubstantiality of the Father and the Son
325
Modalism and Adoptionism, which each argue (from different angles) for the supremacy of the Father in favor of a truly consubstantial Trinity, can be grouped under this general heresy
Monarchism
Justin Martyr
“let me imitate the Passion of my God”
Ignatius of Antioch
The ancient city of Nicaea, site of the first Ecumenical Council, was situated on the eastern end of Lake Ascanius, in this present-day country.
The Council of Constantinople, which helped resolve post-Arian controversies, including the objections of Eusebius.
381
This proponent of his own type of Modalism would not have denied the Incarnation, but would say that it was the Father that became incarnate, not the Son.
Sabellius
ὁμοούσιον ("homoousios") is the Greek term meaning "of the same substance." ὁμοιούσιος("homoiousios"), on the other hand, is translated as this
similar substance
"...it was necessary that what might be saved [i.e. man] be called into existence, in order that the Being who saves should not exist in vain"
Irenaeus
St. Ignatius, who wrote that the OT prophets had a relationship with the Son through their inspiration by the H.S., was the bishop of Antioch, whose ruins are in this present-day country.
Clement of Rome, who offered prayers to the Father and the Son for the unity of the Church, was this number pope (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.)
The 4th century figure Eusebius argued that the Nicene Creed fell into this heresy in proposing the homoousios of the Father and the Son.
Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and this man, Basil's brother, comprised the Cappodocian Fathers, a group instrumental in settling post-Nicaean disputes