Stages Of Life
What are the stages of life in order?
1. Infants 6. Young Adulthood
2. Early Childhood 7.Middle Adulthood
3. Pre-School 8. Maturity
4. School age
5.Adolescence
This Yale psychologist conducted a study where participants were ordered to deliver electric shocks to a "learner".
Stanley Milgram
What happens during stage 1 of sleep?
-pulse slows even more
-muscles relax
-and it lasts about 10 minutes
What is Encoding?
when your brain knows when you experience something you wont forget.
What is Sensation?
This term refers to the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
What are the ages for each stage?
Infant: Birth to 18 months
Early Childhood: 2 to 3 years
Pre-school: 3 to 5 years
School age: 6 to 11 years
Adolescence: 12 to 18 years
Young Adulthood: 19 to 40 years
Middle adulthood: 41 to 65 years
Maturity: 66 to death
Ivan Pavlov is famous for his work on this type of conditioning, where a bell was paired with food.
what is the condition called?
classical conditioning
What is narcolepsy?
What is repressed memory?
fight to eliminate that memory
What is nurture?
This relates to environmental factors, such as culture and life experiences, that shape personality.
What are the important events for each stage?
Infant: feeding
Early childhood: become used to taking care of their personal business in their diaper.
Pre-school: Exploring
School age: school
Adolescence: social relationships
Young adulthood: relationship
middle adulthood: work and parenthood
Maturity: reflection on life
John Watson used this nine-month-old infant to demonstrate how fear could be classically conditioned.
Who was the nine-month-old ?
Little Albert
What is Insomnia?
The failure to get enough sleep at night in order to feel rested the next day.
What are the three stages of memory?
Encoding (recording info)
Storage (saving info)
retrieval (calling up stored information)
What is a conditioned stimulus?
This is the process where a previously neutral stimulus, through association with an unconditioned stimulus, gains the power to cause a conditioned response.
What is the conflict for each of the stages
Infant: trust vs. mistrust
Early childhood: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Pre-school: Initiative vs. guilt
School age: Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence: Identity vs. role confusion
Young adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle adulthood: generativity vs. stagnation
Maturity: ego integrity vs. despair
In Milgram's obedience experiments, this percentage of participants delivered the maximum 450-volt shock.
65 percent
What is sleep paralysis?
temporary inability to move or speak when waking up from sleep or when falling asleep.
What is retrieval?
The process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory
What do you get out of a positive reinforcement?
providing a reward after a desired behavior.
Before sight or touch, babies have this as their most developed sense. What is it?
Albert Bandura's famous 1961 study used this toy to demonstrate observational learning in children.
What was the toy?
Bobo Doll
What is REM sleep?
This is the body calming itself down after intense sleep. Pulse rate and breathing are irregular like you just got done with a workout.
Who studied repressed memories and false memories, showing how easily memories could be changed?
Elizabeth Loftus
what is the purpose of a negative reinforcement?
It aims to increase a behavior, not reduce it, making it distinct from punishment.