Review
MHI
NWHI
Results
Misc.
100
What is the name of the effect that causes the ocean currents to move to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?
The Coriolis Effect
100
What does MHI stand for?
Main Hawaiian Islands
100
What does NWHI stand for?
Northwestern Hawaiian islands
100
Was the fish biomass greater in the MHI or the NWHI?
NWHI
100
True or False= MHI has marine protected area(s)
True(Hanauma Bay was the first MPA established in Hawaii)
200
What are the photosynthetic algae that are in a mutualistic relationship with coral?
Zooxanthellae
200
How many sharks were seen in the MHI?
1
200
What was the main difference of the fish in these islands? (aside from apex predators being present)
Size of the fish. The fish were much larger, mean weight was 570% greater for apex predators, herbivores 97% heavier.
200
What does the article suggest is one of the main causes for the differences in fish biomass between the islands
Overfishing or intensive fishing (mainly of apex predators)
200
What type of method did they use to obtain their observational data?
Transect surveys
300
Name two ways in which humans are increasing nutrient input into reef zones.
fertilizer and sewage
300
What group of fish accounted for approximately 55% of the MHI fish biomass?
Herbivores
300
What were the two primary apex predators in the NWHI?
Sharks and Jacks
300
What do the researchers say needs to be done to correct the current problem?
The overall percentage of no-take reserves should increase dramatically so that reef fish populations can recover to former levels
300
Name three additional threats to coral reefs other than over-fishing
Pollution, coastal development, climate change, acidification
400
Corals use ________ions to be the building blocks of their hard skeletons, which are made of ________ ________. __________ ions make the seawater environment more acidic and weaken the hard skeletons of coral reefs.
carbonate; calcium carbonate; hydrogen
400
What factor impacted the proportion of apex predators the most on the MHI?
if an island was inhabited or uninhabited
400
In what specific category did NWHI not have significantly greater data than the MHI?
numerical abundance of Herbivores
400
Theoretically why should MHI have a more productive ecosystem
Because it has greater nutrient input and the presence of estuaries in the windward, vegetated MHI should result in a more productive ecosystem.
400
What are the names of the offspring that our dioecious professors produced?
Lachlan and Flannery
500
List one reason why hermaphroditism would be favored by fish species, and one reason why fish species would favor to be dioecious.
Favor hermaphroditism: Finding a mate may be difficult in their environment Favor to be dioecious: Spreading genes to offspring and enhancing diversity
500
Approximately what percentage of the total fish biomass consisted of apex predators?
3%
500
Approximately what percentage of the total fish biomass consisted of apex predators?
54%
500
What was the percentage difference in biomass numbers between the islands?
NWHI was more than 260% greater than MHI (for grand mean fish standing stock biomass)
500
Describe ‘shifting baseline syndrome’ and how does NWHI relate to it?
SBS: Modern studies of marine ecosystems began long after enormous changes in these systems occurred due to anthropocentric influences; leading to no accurate baseline for how these ecosystems looked like prior to disturbances. NWHI is one of the few remaining large-scale, intact, predator-dominated reef ecosystems left in the world and offers us a chance to see how an unaltered ecosystem functions.
M
e
n
u