Indigenous Peoples
In Canada, Indigenous Peoples are commonly grouped into three distinct groups recognized in the Constitution Act, 1982.
What are First Nations, Inuit, and Métis?
The agreements are intended to establish peaceful relationships and share land between Indigenous Nations and the Crown.
What are Treaties?
This term is commonly used in Canada to collectively refer to First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Peoples.
What is Indigenous?
This federal law, enacted in 1876, still impacts many aspects of First Nations life today.
What is the Indian Act?
This practice acknowledges the Indigenous Nations whose land we live and work on.
What is a land acknowledgment?
This term refers to Indigenous Peoples who lived in what is now Canada prior to European contact, excluding Inuit and Métis.
What are First Nations?
Numbered 1–11, they cover much of central, western, and northern Canada.
What are the Numbered Treaties?
This word once commonly used in Canada, is now considered outdated and replace by more specific or preferred terminology
What is Aboriginal?
These schools were created to assimilate Indigenous children, separating them from their families and cultures.
What are residential schools?
Meaningful reconciliation involves listening to Indigenous voices, not speaking on their behalf—often called this.
What is allyship?
This Indigenous group traditionally inhabits the Arctic regions of Canada and includes communities in Inuit Nunangat.
Who are the Inuit?
Calgary is located within the boundaries of this numbered treaty.
What is Treaty 7?
This term refers to someone recognized by their community as holding traditional knowledge and teachings.
What is an Elder? (or Knowledge Keeper)
This 2015 report documented the impacts of residential schools and included 94 Calls to Action.
What is the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)?
Truth and Reconciliation Call to Action 92 specifically calls on this group to adopt reconciliation principles.
Who are businesses? (or the corporate sector)
Alberta is home to many First Nations, including these three Nations that are part of Treaty 7.
Who are the Blackfoot Confederacy, Tsuu T’ina, and Stoney Nakoda Nations?
Modern treaties differ from historic treaties because they are negotiated after this year, when treaty-making resumed.
What is 1975?
This phrase describes the ongoing process of repairing relationships between Indigenous Peoples and non‑Indigenous Canadians.
What is reconciliation?
September 30 is now recognized nationally as this day in Canada.
What is the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation?
This approach involves building respectful relationships with Indigenous communities before decisions are made.
What is meaningful engagement?
This Métis leader is known for his role in the Red River Resistance and advocating for Métis rights.
Who is Louis Riel?
This principle means that treaties are not just historical documents but are living agreements that continue today.
What is “treaties are living agreements”?.
This concept emphasizes Indigenous Peoples’ right to control their own governance, lands, and futures.
What is self‑determination?
This term describes the strength and survival of Indigenous cultures despite historical and ongoing challenges.
What is resilience?
A key part of reconciliation is continuous education, often described as this type of learning journey.
What is lifelong learning?