Key Terms & Vocabulary
What did WIDA first stand for, then next, and what does it stand for now?
Wisconsin, Delaware, Arkansas.
World-class Instructional Design & Assessment
Nothing
What is comprehensible input and why is it important?
In order to find out if a new student might need language services, the family must _________ a _________ __________ _________.
complete language survey
What is the Affective Filter? What is the silent period? How might teachers work with students to support students going through these things?
Open question! Creating a low-stress environment; engaging MLs in nonverbal ways; create meaningful ways of peer interaction that does not require much verbal exchange. Be patient, accommodating and flexible.
What has proven to be one of he better program models for language learning in the U.S.? Why?
Dual language or bilingual programs. Students are able to build a larger linguistic repertoire and make connections between languages with more confidence and ability. Students have a better foundation of language and culture and can build them both together.
What is the difference between ESL and EFL?
English as a Second Language, taught in countries where English is the dominant language. English as a Foreign Language, taught in countries where English is not the dominant language.
What do BICS and CALP stand for? Which comes first?
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills. Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency. BICS come first in 1-3 years. CALP comes in 4-7 years.
Translanguaging means drawing from one linguistic ____________.
repertoire
What is the WIDA ACCESS test for ELLs? What are they tested on?
A yearly assessment of EL's English language proficiency. They are tested on listening, speaking, reading and writing.
What are two documents that ESL teachers can use to work with classroom (and specials) teachers?
Individualized Language Plans (ILPs) and WIDA Can-Do Statements.
We know what EL or ELL are common terms for language learners. Why are the terms ML or EB (emergent bilingual) more equitable?
The latter terms see students from a more assets-based approach. "English Language Learner" has a more deficit approach in that in emphasizes students lack English proficiency. ML and EB showcase the languages and assets students already possess and bring to the table.
What is Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development?
a figurative space where children come into the next level of cognitive development through scaffolded interactions with more capable peers and adults. The space between what the learner can do in working independently, and where they can do work with guided assistance.
MLs tend to be over- and underrepresented in ____________.
special education
Name two ways that MLs are protected in the U.S.
Access to free public education.
Cannot be asked for documentation or citizenship status.
The right to adequate ESL education.
Protection from discrimination based on race or national origin.
Free and reduced lunch.
Access to the same education as their peers.
What does SIOP stand for? What does CBI stand for? What are two components of SIOP?
Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol. Content-based instruction.
Content and Language Objectives
Building Background
Comprehensible Input
Instructional Strategies and Interactional Opportunities
Practice and Application Opportunities
Review Phase
Assessment Phase
What does LTEL stand for, and when might a student be reclassified as an LTEL?
Long-term English Learner. Students who have been enrolled for ~6 years in EL services but have not yet exited or are not close.
What is scaffolding?
Just like construction scaffolding, education scaffolding offers temporary assistance to students as they build their language proficiency and academic skills. Scaffolding follows a gradual release principle, where teachers gradually transfer control of learning from teacher-led instruction to student-centered activities. There is more support in the beginning, then a gradual letting-go so students can work more independently.
_________ & _________ are inextricably linked. You can't have one without the other, as they both inform one another in our use and understanding of them. This is called _________.
Language & culture.
Languaculture.
What did the Plyer v Doe court case rule that protects students?
It says that non-resident children also have the right to free education. This means that documentation status does not matter.
What are the three main types of instructional services for MLs in the U.S.? Hint: the majority of ESL teachers utilize some form of all three in K-12 classrooms, especially at the younger grades.
Push-in, pull-out, co-teaching or collaboration.
Sheltered instruction utilized more at secondary level.
What does SLIFE stand for? To whom might this term apply?
Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education. Students who have gone through war or major conflict, refugees or family asylum-seekers.
What is translanguaging? Name one strategy for the classroom that implements translanguaging.
Learners are encouraged to use all of their language resources from their linguistic repertoires in order to fully engage and understand content. Teachers also use multiple languages in the classroom to help students engage.
Pair students with peers who speak the same L1. Have translations of key terms and academic vocabulary. Utilize multilingual texts when possible. Have students work in chosen language(s), then produce output (speaking, writing) in target language.
The WIDA ELD Standards Framework states that MLs communicate for _________ & __________ purposes, as well as communicating information, ideas, and concepts necessary for academic success in the content areas of __________ _______, _________, _________, and ________ _________.
social & instructional purposes; language arts, math, science, and social studies.
What did the Lau v Nichols court case rule? Why was this important?
Schools must provide appropriate language assistance to students who are not proficient in English. This reaffirms the Civil Rights Act of 1965 which prohibits discrimination based on race or national origin. This includes language status. This was important because it forced schools to support all learners instead of following the "Sink or Swim" ideology.
Building background is an integral component of SIOP. How can a teacher build background before reading a story/before students begin reading a book?
Help students make connections to major themes in the story or book.
Activate prior knowledge: help students remember aspects of the story that they may have learned in prior lessons; use a KWL chart or small group discussions in any languages.
Preview/review vocabulary (if it makes sense -- context matters!)
Do a picture walk or use other visuals (videos, pictures, realia).
Make cultural connections that are individualized (being careful not to generalize).
Graphic organizers to brainstorm, make predictions, show what they already know.