Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Guess the country
Unit 1-3
Vocabulary
100
An action done on your behalf; it is someone doing something for you
service
100
What does the acronym NTO stand for?
National Tourism Organisation(s)
100
What is the main difference between a tour operator and a travel agent?
A tour operator organises and puts together travel packages (e.g., combining flights and hotels). A travel agent sells products and packages provided by tour operators and other companies.
100
I am both a country and a continent, known for my unique wildlife like kangaroos and koalas. I am surrounded by water and my most famous city is Sydney, with its iconic opera house. What country am I?
Australia
100
What are the three main reasons why most people travel?
Leisure, Business, and VFR (Visiting Friends and Relatives)
100
Define 'tourism'
The business of providing services such as transport, places to stay or entertainment for people who temporarily leave the place where they normally live, work or study.
200
What does the acronym MICE stand for in the context of business tourism?
MICE stands for: Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions.
200
The concept of "carrying capacity" is crucial for destination management. Which of the following is the MOST comprehensive example of a management activity an organization can implement to prevent exceeding a destination's carrying capacity and avoid the negative effects of overtourism?
A) Launching a new social media campaign targeting millennials.
B) Developing a system to manage visitor numbers and manage tourist behaviour.
C) Building a new, larger airport to accommodate more international flights.
D) Offering deep discounts on hotels during the peak season.
Correct Answer: B) Developing a system to manage visitor numbers and manage tourist behaviour.
Why A is incorrect: While promotion is a service, this campaign would likely increase visitor numbers, exacerbating the problem of overtourism rather than preventing it.
Why C is incorrect: Expanding infrastructure like an airport is a development that would directly increase the destination's carrying capacity in the long term but does not constitute the "management" of existing demand. In the short term, it would likely make overtourism worse by facilitating a larger influx of visitors.
Why D is incorrect: This tactic would attract more visitors during the most crowded time of year, significantly increasing the risk of exceeding the destination's carrying capacity and intensifying the negative effects of overtourism.
200
Name six types of accommodation providers.
Hotels, Guest houses, Bed and Breakfasts (B&Bs), Hostels, Homestays, Camping/Campsites, Serviced apartments, Chalets/Lodges.
200
I am a Scandinavian country famous for my deep fjords, Viking history, and love of cross-country skiing. I am one of the world's happiest countries and my capital is Oslo. What country am I?
Norway
200
Name two ancillary services.
Travel insurance, currency exchange, car/bike hire, guided tours/tour agents.
200
You cannot touch it; it has no physical presence
Intangible
300
A tourist travels from their home in London to Paris for a business conference that lasts 3 days. Identify what type of tourist they are in terms of both reason for travel and trip duration.
Reason for travel: Business tourist (specifically for a conference, which is part of MICE).
Trip duration: Short break (a trip lasting 4 nights or less).
300
A national government wants to leverage tourism for broad economic growth through the "multiplier effect." However, a coastal community is concerned that a new government-backed resort project will primarily benefit large, foreign corporations and not the local populace.
According to the principles of sustainable destination management outlined in the document, which strategy would be the MOST effective for the government to ensure local communities also experience the positive economic impacts?
A) Heavily promoting the destination internationally to ensure high visitor numbers and maximum spending.
B) Prioritizing policies that create jobs for local people and support the development of local enterprises.
C) Investing the majority of the budget into the architectural design and prestige of the resort to attract wealthy tourists.
D) Focusing technological investment on automating hotel services to ensure efficiency and reduce long-term operational costs.
Correct Answer: B) Prioritizing policies that create jobs for local people and support the development of local enterprises.
Why A is incorrect: This strategy risks causing overtourism and focuses only on increasing overall revenue, not on ensuring that revenue is distributed locally.
Why C is incorrect: This is a top-down approach focused on image and high-end markets. It does not guarantee local hiring or procurement and may even increase the cost of living for residents.
Why D is incorrect: Automation typically reduces employment opportunities, contradicting the goal of creating jobs for the local community and would likely worsen their concerns.
300
Explain the difference between an interdependency and an interrelationship.
An interdependency is where two organisations rely on each other to operate (e.g., an airline and an airport). An interrelationship is a voluntary partnership that is beneficial but not essential (e.g., a hostel promoting a nearby restaurant that offers discounts to its guests).
300
I am a Southeast Asian nation made up of over 17,000 islands. I am the world's largest island country and am known for my beaches, volcanoes, and Komodo dragons.
Indonesia
300
A large tour operator specializing in all-inclusive, mass-market packages to Spain sees a consistent drop in bookings and profitability during the autumn and winter months. According to the document, what is this cyclical variation in demand BEST known as, and which strategic pricing action is the operator most likely to take in response?
A) Overtourism; they will increase prices to reduce visitor numbers.
B) Seasonality; they will reduce prices to increase their occupancy rate.
C) Low interdependency; they will form an interrelationship with an airline.
D) Dynamic packaging; they will allow customers to choose their own meal plans.
Correct Answer: B) Seasonality; they will reduce prices to increase their occupancy rate.
Explanation: The document defines seasonality as demand varying throughout the year, with low occupancy rates happening in the off-peak season. It explicitly states that in this situation, "providers may reduce prices to increase their occupancy rate."
300
Which organization develops tourism products? 哪个组织开发旅游产品？
Destination management companies
400
List five different types of tourist destinations?
Beach/coastal
Rural/countryside
Resorts (e.g., theme parks, ski resorts)
Urban (towns or cities)
Island
400
A beach resort in Greece consistently has 95% of its rooms occupied during July and August but struggles to fill more than 30% of its rooms from November to February. Recurring fluctuation in demand BEST known as?
Seasonality
400
Propose two sustainable transport developments.
Implement an integrated rapid transit system (e.g., a tram or light rail): This provides a convenient, fast, and reliable alternative to cars for getting around the city, reducing the number of vehicles on the road and thus cutting congestion and emissions.
Promote sustainable travel choices like a bike rental scheme: By providing infrastructure like bike lanes and rental docks, the city encourages tourists to choose a zero-emission mode of transport for short journeys, improving air quality and reducing traffic.
400
I am the second-largest country in South America, known for my passionate tango dance, high-quality beef, and vast grassy plains called the Pampas. My name means "Land of Silver." What country am I?
Argentina
400
A popular national park is experiencing overtourism. Describe one management activity and one service a destination management organisation could implement to address this problem.
Management Activity: Managing tourism demand to encourage visitors but avoid overtourism. (e.g., by implementing a visitor cap or booking system).
Service: Promoting the destination during off-peak seasons. (e.g., through marketing strategies that highlight the benefits of visiting at quieter times to spread out visitor numbers).
400
State the terms:
1. Towns or cities that tourists visit
2. Describes decisions that are greatly influenced by time
3. A fast transfer transport serive connecting an airport and a downtown area (p.95)
1. Urban destinations
2. time sensitive
3. express link
500
Name two characteristics of the travel and tourism industry that show it is constantly changing and can adapt to challenges.
Dynamic: It is constantly changing to meet changing customer needs and wants.
Resilient: It can survive and recover after difficult conditions (e.g., the COVID pandemic).
500
List four of the four main reasons for the growth of sustainable tourism
Changing consumer attitudes
Media
Availability and promotion of (sustainable tourism) products
Government policies
500
What does a 'half board' meal plan include?
Breakfast and one other meal (usually dinner).
500
I am a vast, landlocked country in Central Asia, once a key part of the ancient Silk Road. My terrain is dominated by deserts and mountains, and I am known for my traditional yurts and eagle hunting.
Kazakhstan
500
A national government has a primary political objective to increase international prestige and a secondary economic objective to create jobs. Analyze how these two objectives could potentially conflict with the environmental objective of "sustainably using resources and limiting pollution" when developing a new coastal resort. Suggest one strategy a Destination Management Organisation (DMO) could use to help balance these competing objectives.
Analysis of Conflict: The drive to build a large, impressive resort quickly to gain prestige and create jobs could lead to rushed development that ignores environmental safeguards. This could result in habitat destruction, pollution of coastal waters, overconsumption of local water resources, and increased waste, directly conflicting with the goal of sustainability.
Strategy: The DMO could develop and enforce strict sustainable tourism policies for the project. This could include mandates for using renewable energy, implementing advanced water treatment and recycling systems, limiting the building footprint to protect natural areas, and requiring the use of local, sustainable materials in construction. This ensures the development meets environmental standards while still achieving economic and political goals.
500
State the term: " when local culture is treated as a product to be sold to tourists"
Commodification
600
A large corporation plans to host a week-long international sales conference for 200 of its top-performing employees as a reward for their work. The chosen destination is a remote, ecologically sensitive island known for its pristine rainforests.
Analyze this scenario by:
Classifying the primary type of tourism and the primary type of tourist involved, using the specific terminology from the textbook.
Identifying two specific needs this group of tourists will have that differ from those of independent leisure travellers.
Explaining two major conflicts between the corporation's plan and the principles of sustainability and responsible tourism as defined in the document.
Classification:
Primary Type of Tourism: This is primarily Business Tourism, specifically an Incentive trip (a trip given as a reward for good work). It also has elements of International and Inbound tourism for the host island, and Special Interest Tourism (Adventure/Ecotourism) due to the destination's natural environment.
Primary Type of Tourist: The employees are primarily Business tourists (travelling for a work-related reward) but will also exhibit the characteristics of Ecotourists (wanting to experience the natural environment) and Groups (several people travelling together).
Specific Group Needs:
Logistical Coordination: The need for coordinated transport, accommodation, and activities for a large group (200 people) is paramount, unlike an independent traveller who books individually.
Purpose-Built Facilities: The conference will require specific facilities like large meeting halls, high-speed internet, and audio-visual equipment that are not a priority for a typical leisure traveller.
Structured Itinerary: The group will need a structured schedule that accommodates conference sessions as well as group activities, limiting the freedom of choice an independent traveller would have.
Conflicts with Sustainability/Responsible Tourism:
Environmental Impact: Flying 200 people to a remote, ecologically sensitive island likely involves long-haul flights, generating a significant carbon footprint. The large, sudden influx of people could also strain local waste management systems, water resources, and disrupt fragile ecosystems (e.g., rainforests), compromising the needs of future generations.
Social and Cultural Impact: A large, homogenous corporate group may not integrate with or respect the local culture. There is a risk of them behaving disrespectfully towards the local people and environment if not managed properly, for example, by demanding resources (like food or energy) that are scarce locally or by engaging in activities that damage the natural habitat.
600
Besides environmental concerns, name three other factors that can affect global tourism demand and briefly explain how one of them can reduce demand.
Economic, Social, Technological, Political, Health
600
Analyze the impact of budget airlines and online travel agents. x2
Budget airlines have reduced the cost of air travel, and online travel agents (OTAs) have made it easier for individuals to book flights, hotels, and other components separately. This has empowered tourists to create their own dynamic packages, increasing the popularity of independent travel. A challenge for traditional mass-market package holidays is that they now face greater competition. Consumers may perceive them as less flexible or less value-for-money compared to arranging a trip themselves online.
600
p. 19
A. Mauritius
B. Maldives
C. Peru
D. Namibia
E. Egypt
F. Jamaica
C. Peru
600
State 3 Positive Sociocultural Impacts
•Improved quality of life/生活质量的提高
•Access to facilities/ 设施的可及性
•Improved transport and infrastructure/交通和基础设施的改善
•Preserving the local culture/保护当地文化
•Cultural bonding/文化纽带
•Strengthened cultural identity/强化文化认同
•Cultural understanding/文化理解
•Encouraging travel, mobility and social integration/鼓励旅行、流动性和社会融合
•Empowerment of local community in managing their own environment/赋予当地社区管理自我环境的权力
600
Define "Multiplier effect"
How wealth is created from tourist spending