Minerals typically form in what type(s) of rock?
Minerals form rocks so they are formed in all types of rock: Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
Coal is formed from ________ matter.
Plant matter
Oil and natural gas are made of ancient plants and this specific aquatic organism.
Plankton
What is a resource?
something that can be used or made into something that can be used
Are fossil fuels a renewable or nonrenewable resource?
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources.
Fossil fuels take millions of years to form from ancient plant and animal matter, which means they will not form fast enough to refill the global supply.
What are the advantages to driving electric cars?
2. No pollution emitted/released from the car
What is subsidence?
Sinking of land in an area
What type of rock do fuels and groundwater form in?
Sedimentary rock
How long does it take for minerals to form? *Tricky question!*
Minerals can take over millions of years to form or can form in a few seconds (lava rock).
Unconfined aquifers can refill with water that seeps down from the land surface through permeable rock.
Confined aquifers can only refill with water that goes around impermeable rock that is trapping the aquifer.
What is an ore?
Is WOOD a renewable or nonrenewable resource?
Wood is a nonrenewable resource.
Wood eventually will not grow fast enough to meet the demand, even if new trees are replanted.
What are the disadvantages to driving gas-powered cars?
1. Using gasoline assists in taking from the declining global petroleum supply.
2. Burning fuel creates pollution and releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
What is the definition of overdrafting?
Pumping out fresh groundwater from an aquifer faster than the aquifer can replenish/refill
What is the location pattern for volcanoes?
Volcanoes typically are found near or along tectonic plate boundaries, and sometimes near water.
Resources form where the conditions (materials, geoscience processes [tectonic activity, volcanoes, etc.] and environment) are correct for formation.
What type of aquifer is this?

What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is melted rock BELOW the Earth's surface. Lava is melted rock ABOVE the Earth's surface.
Is FRESHWATER a renewable or nonrenewable resource?
Give your claim and evidence.
Freshwater is a non-renewable resource.
1. Due to overdrafting aquifers in certain areas of the world, aquifers are losing their capability to store groundwater.
2. Frequent droughts affecting many parts of the earth might cause the inability for aquifers to refill their groundwater levels.
What are the three parts of a battery?
A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte fluid
What are some causes for overdrafting the aquifer?
Give three examples as evidence.
Frequent droughts, population increase, drilling new wells, irrigation for crops, crop fertilizer runoff into aquifer
What is the location pattern for Oil and Natural Gas?
They are typically where ancient sea beds used to be located, between the ancient landmass locations
How is sedimentary rock formed?
1. Sediment settles down on land or in seabed.
2. Pressure from the weight of the top layers over millions of years creates sedimentary rock.
What are the steps for Cobalt formation?
1. A star explodes (supernova) and blasts material into the universe.
2. Blasted materials either form with other elements to create a planet or form asteroids containing cobalt and crash on Earth from space.
What is permeability?
The capability of a substance to allow fluids (like water) to flow through it
Are HONEYBEES a renewable or nonrenewable resource?
Give your claim and evidence.
Honeybees are a renewable resource.
1. Honeybees reproduce naturally and replenish their populations.
2. Honeybees can be managed or multiplied by beekeepers after every pollination season.
What minerals are used as electrodes in creating a lithium-ion battery?
Lithium and carbon
What are the three major effects of overdrafting the San Joaquin Valley aquifer?
1. Subsidence => Land sinking
2. Permanent loss of groundwater storage in the aquifer
3. Nitrate contamination
Why are resources around the world unevenly distributed (lots in some places, little in others)?
Resources may only be found in certain locations because those locations contain the right conditions to form them.
What are the steps of coal formation?
1. Plant matter dies (not fully decayed)
2. Sediment covers the plant matter =>
3. Pressure and heat are put on the covered plant matter => hardens into Peat
4. More pressure and heat on peat => hardens into Coal
How was Iron formed on Earth?
Iron comes from ancient organic material released from submarine volcanoes. Precambrian mountains formed from those volcanoes eroded over time, releasing iron into the ocean.
What is the ACTUAL name for the term "fracking"?
Hydraulic Fracturing
Is SAND a renewable or nonrenewable resource?
Give your claim and evidence.
Sand is a nonrenewable resource.
1. Sand is naturally formed through the weathering and erosion of rocks by wind and water (takes thousands to millions of years).
2. Humans use sand at a rate that vastly outpaces nature's ability to replenish it. [Billions of tons extracted globally (2nd most consumed resource on Earth after water)]
How is an electric current produced/made in a battery?
Provide the steps for a land experiencing subsidence.
1. Water is overpumped out of the aquifer through wells.
2. The weight of the land put pressure on the clay deposit layers (due to no water cushion).
3. The clay layer deposits are squished and then the land above sinks => subsidence