Identical
If Jaiden and Jerome were both once one zygote and then split into two, then they would be this type of twin
What are monozygotic (identical) twins?
What are 2?
True or false: hyperovulation can occur when one ovary releases more than one egg or when both ovaries release one egg
True
False
The FULL name of process in which embryos are transferred into the uterus, usually done for couples with fertility issues, is this:
In both identical and fraternal twin births, there can be an increased risk of complications; name one pregnancy complication with a higher risk during twin pregnancies
Correct answers include:
-pre-eclampsia
-gestational diabetes
-anemia
-placental abruption
-preterm labor/birth
**other answers not on slideshow may still be acceptable**
What are dizygotic twins?
Scientists hypothesize that fathers play a role in the rate of dizygotic twins through this
What is sperm (motility)?
Maternal age is POSITIVELY correlated to the rate of twin births. This means that as mothers get older, the likelihood of having twins...
increases
This is when a female releases more than one egg per month, increasing the chance of dizygotic twins
What is hyperovulation?
This element is necessary for strong bonds between zygotic cells, and when levels are low, it is hypothesized that the zygote may split into 2
What is calcium?
True or false: the same sperm fertilizes both eggs when fraternal twins are created
False
As IVF providers switched from implantation of multiple embryos to implantation of just one, the likelihood of having twins for IVF users...
decreased
This hormone is a driver of the menstrual cycle and stimulates the maturation of eggs, thereby playing a role in ovulation and hyperovulation
What is FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)?
This process is what sperm undergoes to maintain proper motility, with high sperm motility being linked to higher rates of dizygotic twins
What is sperm capacitation?
Name the approximate range of weeks that a zygote would split in?
(How many weeks after conception will a zygote split into monozygotic twins?)
4-8 days
Name/describe one step in fertilization of one of the two zygotes for dizygotic twins
**Same process as non-twin births, just twice**
-Penetration of corona radiata
-ZP3 receptor activated by sperm
-acrosome reaction in sperm, degradation of zona pellucida
-fusing of sperm and egg nuclei
According to the CDC, this is the approximate increased chance of having twins in the 40+ maternal age group compared to the under-20 age group.
According to the handmade chart, which race/ethnicity had the highest number of multiple births in the US?
What is Black?
A hypothesis about monozygotic twins asserts that the splitting of the zygote occurs due to small genetic differences between zygotic cells; the aversion these cells have due to their differences is called this
What is cell repulsion?
Name/describe one of the hypotheses as to why a zygote would split into 2 to create monozygotic (identical) twins
-lower embryonic calcium levels
-extra body axes
-cell repulsion
This is the name of the group in Africa that has a twinning rate of 45 per 1000 live births, with 93% being fraternal twins
What is the Yoruba tribe?
What are Esuru yams?
According to the hand-made chart, this race had the LOWEST number of twin births per 1000 births
What is Asian/Pacific Islander?
This newer IVF method lowers the risk of conceiving twins with IVF because it involves only one embryo being implanted into the uterus instead of three
What is single embryo transfer?