Plot & Setting
What type of world existed before the woman fell from the Sky World?
A world above, in the sky, with no land below—only water.
Who helps the woman survive her fall in The World on the Turtle’s Back?
The animals—especially the birds and the turtle.
What is the main conflict in The World on the Turtle’s Back?
The conflict between the twins—good vs. evil.
What does the turtle symbolize in the creation myth?
The foundation of the Earth—the beginning of life.
What does “hindsight” mean in Balboa?
Looking back and understanding something more clearly.
Why does Balboa climb the mountain alone?
To be the first European to see the Pacific and gain glory.
What is unique about the twins in The World on the Turtle’s Back?
They are opposites—one is right-handed and good, the other is left-handed and devious.
What theme is shared by both stories?
Power and balance—whether in nature or among people.
What does the mountain symbolize in Balboa?
Power, ambition, and a new world to conquer.
What does “thunder” symbolize in Balboa?
Violence, war, and power.
What does the woman take with her as she falls from the Sky World?
Roots that will be turned into sacred plants such as tobacco and corn.
Who is Balboa’s greatest threat, according to the narrator?
Enciso, who could betray him for political gain.
What internal conflict does Balboa face?
He tries to appear noble while doing violent and selfish acts.
How does the left-handed twin’s actions create symbolism?
He represents darkness, chaos, and death—but also necessary struggle.
Define “creation myth.”
A traditional story explaining how the world and humans were created.
How does Balboa contrast what Balboa sees with what actually exists?
The story shows the contradiction between his ambitious view and the harsh realities of conquest.
What motivates Balboa to make his historic discovery?
Fame, glory, and to beat his enemies back home.
How does the myth (TWTB) explain the balance of nature?
Through the opposing twins—each creates different animals and environments.
How does the story of Balboa use irony?
He sees himself as a hero, but readers see his cruelty and flaws.
What is the meaning of “devious” in describing the left-handed twin?
Sneaky or tricky in a dishonest way.
What do both stories suggest about power and exploration?
Both suggest power can be divine or destructive; the Iroquois tale shows creation, while Balboa shows conquest.
How is the left-handed twin portrayed in contrast to the right-handed one?
He uses trickery and violence but is still necessary to balance the world.
How is spiritual dualism shown in The World on the Turtle’s Back?
Through the coexistence of good and evil as necessary forces.
What do the animals in The World on the Turtle’s Back represent?
Protection, Cooperation, self-sacrifice, and respect for nature.
What does “sacred” mean in the context of the plants from the Sky World?
Holy or spiritually important.