Type 1 diabetes 101
How many children in the United States have diabetes and between what age group?
Approximately 1 in every 400 to 600 children and adolescents have type 1 diabetes. For children it is most common to start occurring between ages 7 to 15 years old.
What does type 1 diabetes result from?
Destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells which fail to secrete insulin. It is a multifactorial disease caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells in individuals who are genetically predisposed.
What does nursing care focus on?
Nursing care focuses on managing the child's blood glucose levels and hypertension during the hospitalization, assessing growth and dietary intake, evaluating goals for weight loss and exercise programs, and reviewing the child's knowledge about diabetes and strategies for management at home.
What is a diagnostic test?
What is insulin?
Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone your pancreas makes and is essential for allowing your body to use sugar (glucose) for energy.
Who has a higher chance of new onset type 1 diabetes?
non-hispanic white children and adolescents
t/f Type 1 diabetes has familial tendencies but does not show any specific pattern of inheritance.
true
What does nursing care focus on?
They focus on teaching the child and parents about the disease and its management, planning dietary intake, providing emotional support, and planning strategies for daily management in the community.
What is insulin therapy?
Insulin therapy replaces the insulin the body would normally make. People with type 1 diabetes have to take insulin every day.
What does insulin do for your body?
Insulin helps transport glucose into the cells so the body can use it as an energy source.
What does type 1 diabetes affect?
insulin levels
What is the risk for children with one antibody compared to those with three or more antibodies.
Children with one antibody have a 10-15% chance while those with three or more antibodies have a 55-90% chance.
What are some developmental assessments used for those with type 1 diabetes?
1. Assess the child's developmental level, especially the fine motor skills and cognitive levels.
2. Make sure the child learns how to obtain and read a blood glucose sample and to inject insulin.
What is CSII pump therapy?
It is increasingly used by children who do not have diabetes. It requires the willingness of the patient or parent to monitor blood glucose frequently, practice advanced insulin management skills, learn how to troubleshoot the pump, and be technology capable.
What does lipoproteins mean?
it is a combinations of fat and protein that transport fats in the blood
What is type 1 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
What are environmental factors that lead to an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans.
enteroviruses or toxins
What are some psychosocial assessments that can be asked?
1. Assess coping mechanisms, family strengths and resources.
2. Assess child's previous experience with diabetes.
3. Assess the child's understanding and ability to cope with the diagnosis of diabetes.
What is nutrition therapy?
The goal is to provide adequate calories for the child's normal growth and development.
What are some suggestions to provide support for families and children?
How many types of diabetes are there?
three
What does glycosuria mean?
It is an abnormal amount of glucose in the urine.
What happens when a child is first admitted to the hospital at the time of their diagnosis?
1. There is an assessment on the child's physiologic status, focusing on vital signs and level of consciousness.
2. Then there is an assess of hydration by checking mucous membranes, skin turgor, and urine output.
3. Blood is then collected and then monitored.
4. Depending on the child's blood level's then the doctors can determine what treatment.
How does exercise programs help with insulin?
Physical activity is associated with increased insulin sensitivity. Having regular exercise and fitness improves blood and glucose control, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, and contributes to weight loss.
What are examples of expected outcomes of nursing care?
1. The child decreases sedentary activity time to less than 2 hours a day.
2. The child's daily intake of fruits and vegetables increases to 5 to 8 servings daily, and total fat intake decreases to less than 30% of total calories.
3. The child's body mass index slowly and consistently decreases.