Diagnosis/Screening
What is the necessary fasting glucose level, random glucose level, and A1C level that would point to a diagnosis of Diabetes?
American Diabetes association recommends everyone with T2DM to start prophylactic aspirin (T/F)
FALSE
only those with increased risk factors (>50, smoking, previous MI, stroke, TIA, HTN, dyslipidemia, FHx of CHD)
67 year old male diagnosed with diabetes, already vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. Does he need another?
YES. Repeat again after age 65 if patient had previously been vaccinated before 65.
Diabetes is primarily a disease of
What is the blood pressure goal for a hypertensive with diagnosed T2DM?
<140/90
What important side effect are doctors worried about when administering a glipizide?
Hypoglycemia
How often does one need to acquire A1C when they are meeting their treatment goals?
Biannually
What does excessive glucose get converted into and subsequently affects nerves and vessels?
Sorbitol
USPSTF Guidelins recommendations for screening for diabetes?
Screen all adults 40-70 who are overweight or obese (Grade B)
What is the mechanism of action of the medication pioglitazone and how does it help treat diabetes?
DPP-4 inhibitor, increases GLP-1 which increases insulin sensitivity
What important addition to your physical exam should be performed at each visit for diabetic patients?
Monofilament test
What kind of fat distribution is correlated with increased insulin resistance?
Upper body OR male type
How often should diabetic retinopathy be screened in diabetic patients?
Annually
What important side effect are doctors worried about with the first line treatment for diabetes?
Lactic Acidosis (metformin)
Between the ages of 19-59, which vaccine should diabetic patients receive?
Hepatitis B vaccine
What percentage of monozygotic twins eventually develop T2DM when the other twin is already diagnosed with T2DM?
90%
After how many weeks gestation should a pregnant woman be screened for diabetes?
24 weeks
It decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver
Important to counsel to eliminate this important modifiable risk factor
Tobacco smoking
Everybody knows that an important gene for pathogenesis of MODY4 diabetes is IPF-1/PDX-1, but which gene and which chromosome is implicated in MODY2?
Glucokinase gene, chromosome 7