DKA Facts
These three signs point to DKA
What is hyperglycemia, ketone production, and anion gap acidosis?
This complication has the same treatment as DKA
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
The most common chronic complication of diabetes
What is diabetic retinopathy?
In type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune response creates antibodies to this
What is the B cells of the pancreas (that produce insulin)
3 populations where insulin is preferred treatment
What is: T1DM, pregnant people, treatment refractory T2DM
This electrolyte is most important to correct in DKA
What is potassium?
This complication has a 10-20% mortality rate
What is HHS?
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy has this characteristic distribution
What is stocking-glove distribution?
The 3 stages of type 1 diabetes & their differences
First line treatment for T2DM
Lifestyle & exercise (metformin is second line!)
This is the major cause of potassium loss in DKA
What is polyuria?
This complication causes adrenergic symptoms
What is hypoglycemia?
"Black curtain" in a person's visual field can indicate this complication
What is retinal detachment?
Measure of endogenous insulin production
What is: C peptide
Teplizumab mechanism
prevents T cells from attacking pancreatic B cells that produce insulin
This diabetes medication is known to increase the risk of DKA
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?
The lower limit of normal fasting blood glucose
What is 70?
This risk factor worsens diabetic complications
What is smoking?
According to the clinical trials discussed, what prevents progression of diabetes complications the best?
What is aggressive glycemic control?
SGLT2 inhibitors act on this part of the body (be specific!)
What is the early proximal tubule of the nephron?
DKA is the first presentation of T1DM in this percentage of children with T1DM
What is 30%? (Approximately)
This glucose level & this serum osmolarity level define HHS
What is: glucose >600, serum osm >320
This treatment slows progression of diabetic retinopathy
What is laser photocoagulation/VEGF inhibitor?
Name the sequence of receptors involved in the glucose & insulin pathways of the body
What is: Glucose binds to GLUT2 and causes the exocytosis of insulin (via depolarization and intracellular Ca). Insulin binds the insulin receptor and causes GLUT4 receptors to be inserted into the membrane. GLUT4 allows for further glucose uptake
TTD calculations by pound AND kg
What is: weight in pounds / 4, or 0.55 x weight in kg