Lung
This is the major and most preventable cause of lung cancer
What is smoking
These are atypical keratinocytes found in the epidermis and represent the most common form of precancerous lesions
What are Actinic Keratosis(es)
The most common place of metastasis for colorectal cancer
What is the liver?
Describe the pathophysiology of leukemia
What is an unknown stimulus mutates either a myeloid or a lymphoid stem cell, this cell clones itself and produces immature WBC (leukemic cell or blast), cloning becomes uncontrollable and fills the bone marrow with blasts which then get pushed into circulation. These blasts do not mature and do not respond to apoptosis which results in congestion of bone marrow, lymph tissue
This stage includes inset lesion of ductal carcinoma (DCIS) and locular carcinoma in situ (LBIS). These are not considered cancer. They both place patients at a higher risk of developing invasive breast cancer
What is stage 0?
These are examples of what? Second-hand smoke, radon, occupational pollutants and asbestos.
What are other risk factors for lung cancer
What is squamous cell skin cancer?
This is considered the gold standard to screen for colorectal cancer
What is a colonoscopy?
Risk of infection is increased because the blasts do not mature, therefore the number of mature-fighting cells (neutrophils) decreases.
What is neutropenia?
Presence of a new mass of lump, changes in the shape of the breast or swelling, changes in skin such as peeling, flaking, pitting, dimpling or redness; nipple changes such as inversion, thickening of the tissue or drainage
What are clinical manifestations of breast cancer?
This type of lung cancer represents 15% of lung cancers, grows quickly and metastasizes to other organs of the body. Only 5%-10% of patients survive for 5 years.
What is small cell or oat cell lung cancer?
This is the most serious of all skin cancers and originates from melanocytes found in the basement membrane of the epidermis.
What is malignant melanoma
These are common side effects of chemotherapy given for colorectal cancer
What are diarrhea, mucositis, leukopenia, mouth ulcers, alopecia, peripheral neuropathies
The leading cause of death in leukemia
breast conservation therapy (lumpectomy) or total mastectomy (removal of the entire breast)
This type of lung cancer represents 85% of lung cancers. Can be from squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or large-cell carcinoma. Patients 5 year survival rate is generally good, if diagnosed early
What is non-small cell lung cancer
This type of skin cancer is characterized by a pearly, translucent, flesh-colored papule; superficial telangiectasis that are usually visible; may have rolled edges of ulcerations
What is basal cell carcinoma?
Radiation used preoperatively to reduce the size of the tumor
What is neoadjuvant therapy
This class of medication is frequently given post-chemo to stimulate the bone marrow to produce neutrophils.
What are granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GCST)?
This occurs because of the removal of axillary lymph nodes and subsequent scarring, resulting in disruption of lymph drainage from the arm. This results in swelling of the arm.
What is lymphedema?
New cough that does not go away or changes in a chronic cough, hemoptysis, SOB, wheezing, hoarseness, chest pain, headache, bone pain, and weight loss
What are clinical manifestations of lung cancer?
Limit sun exposure, use sunscreen, teach skin self-exam, provide information about different types of skin cancer, provide wound care for postoperative incisions or effects of other skin cancer treatment, provide patients and families with contact info for local chapters of the American Cancer Society
What are different ways to provide nursing teaching related to skin cancer?
Excision of part or all of the colon
What is colectomy?
Currently the only known cure for leukemia
What is transplantation?
This single greatest risk factor for development of breast cancer.
What is increasing age?