Atomic Structure
What are the three main subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are the horizontal rows called?
Periods.
Is oxygen (O₂) an element or compound?
Element.
What is a chemical bond?
A force of attraction that holds atoms together
What is the name of the metals in Group 1, excluding hydrogen?
Which two particles are found in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
What are the vertical columns called?
Groups or families.
Is water (H₂O) an element or compound?
Compound.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost occupied shell of an atom
How many electrons are in a neutral atom of magnesium?
12
A neutral atom has 8 protons. How many electrons does it have?
8 electrons.
What does the atomic number tell you?
The number of protons in an atom.
How many different elements are in CO₂?
2: carbon and oxygen.
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms with an electric charge
Is NaCl an element, molecule, or compound?
Compound
An atom has 11 protons and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons?
12 neutrons.
What do elements in the same main-group family generally have in common?
The same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element contains one type of atom; a compound contains two or more different elements chemically bonded.
What is a compound?
A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded.
How many valence electrons do Group 17 elements have?
7
The Element Argon (Ar) has 18 protons, 22 Neutrons, & 18 electrons Determine and Draw on the board the amount of shells, and amount valence electrons are present.
3 Shells, 8 Valence Electrons
A neutral atom of chlorine has atomic number 17 and mass number 35. Find its protons, neutrons, electrons, and valence electrons.
17 protons, 18 neutrons, 17 electrons, and 7 valence electrons.
Classify O₂, H₂O, NaCl, and N₂ as elements or compounds.
Elements: O₂ and N₂. Compounds: H₂O and NaCl.
Sodium transfers one electron to chlorine. What charges do they each have, and what type of bond forms?
Sodium +1, chlorine −1; ionic bond
An unknown neutral atom has 3 electron shells and 7 valence electrons. Identify its element, group, period, and total electrons.
Chlorine (Cl); Group 17, Period 3, 17 electrons