Channel-linked
These receptors are membrane-spanning, multimeric proteins that mediate fast neurotransmission.
What are ion channel-linked receptors?
This major type of enzyme-linked receptor has tyrosine kinase activity.
What is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)?
These receptors are located in either the cytoplasm or nucleus rather than on the cell surface.
What are intracellular receptors?
This type of receptor spans the cell membrane seven times.
What is a 7-transmembrane receptor?
These are the three basic structural organizations shown for ligand-gated ion channels.
What are pentamers, tetramers, and trimers?
These are two common types of ligands that bind RTKs.
What are growth factors and insulin?
Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and retinoids share this property that allows them to interact with intracellular receptors.
What is being lipid-soluble?
This protein has alpha, beta, and gamma subunits and works with GPCRs.
What is a G-protein?
This pentameric Cys-loop receptor binds acetylcholine and conducts Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺.
What is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)?
After ligand binding, two RTK receptors are brought together in this activation step.
What is receptor dimerization?
After ligand binding, intracellular receptors bind these specific regions of DNA.
What are DNA response elements?
GPCR activation can influence the production of these intracellular signaling molecules, helping change cellular responses.
What are second messengers?
This drug targets the 5-HT₃ receptor and is used for nausea and emesis.
What is ondansetron?
Activated RTKs add phosphate groups to these specific amino acid residues.
What are tyrosine residues?
Intracellular receptors recruit these proteins to help alter gene expression.
What are transcription factors?
This concept explains how the same receptor can activate different signaling pathways depending on which ligand binds.
What is functional selectivity?
These channels can be activated by temperature, mechanical stress, and ligands.
What are TRP channels?
Some RTK inhibitors reduce kinase activity by competing for this binding site.
What is the ATP-binding site?
This estrogen-receptor antagonist is one of the drug examples given in the presentation.
What is tamoxifen?
Serotonin and LSD were the two ligands we discussed in connection with this receptor.
What is the 5-HT2A receptor?