General concepts
Who said: “Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing”?
Wernher von Braun
What is the first step in any research process?
Choosing a research topic
What are the two main types of research by purpose?
Fundamental (basic) and applied research
Name one distinctive feature of scientific research.
Purposefulness (others: systematicity, originality, strict evidence)
What does a hypothesis require to be considered scientific?
Verification and confirmation by evidence
What is the goal of fundamental research?
To expand scientific knowledge and study new phenomena/laws
What is the goal of applied research?
Relevance, practical significance, problem, object, subject, hypothesis, purpose, objectives, and methodology
Which three main types of scientific research are shown in the classification figure?
Fundamental, applied, and development
What is the highest form of knowledge generalization?
Theory
Which key components form the framework of scientific research?
Relevance, practical significance, problem, object, subject, hypothesis, purpose, objectives, and methodology
What are the two levels of research organization?
Empirical and theoretical
What are the three main components of a theory’s structure?
Concepts, judgments, and laws (plus doctrines, ideas, scientific provisions)
What is the most important criterion for choosing the right topic?
Its relevance
Name one factor that influences the choice of a research topic.
Age, education level, or available resources
Which two criteria determine whether a hypothesis is scientific?
Relevance and verifiability
What is the basis for scientific research?
Lack of knowledge, facts, or contradictory scientific ideas
What should be avoided when choosing a research topic?
Making the topic excessively broad
What are the three main elements of a hypothesis definition?
Causes of a result, composition of the object of study, internal and external connections
What do experiments provide in hypothesis testing?
Empirical evidence that can give hypotheses the status of truth
What are two rules for choosing a research topic from the lecture?
The topic should be interesting and feasible (others: original, within scope, tools available)
What is the practical significance of applied research?
Solving real-world problems and achieving specific goals
Which two sciences often combine theoretical and applied research according to the lecture?
Legal sciences
Which scientific principles are examples of foundational constructs mentioned in the lecture?
Axioms of Euclidean geometry and Bohr’s postulate in quantum mechanics
What is the initial stage of any investigation according to the lecture?
Establishing the importance (relevance) of the selected topic
What are the three key conditions a research topic must meet (according to the rules)?
It must be relevant, feasible, and original