The 5th Amendment & Legal Protections
$400 Clue: This specific 5th Amendment protection prevents an individual from being tried twice for the same crime after being acquitted.
What is Double Jeopardy?
Under the Articles of Confederation, primary political power and sovereignty were held by these governments rather than the central government.
What are state governments?
This 1776 document famously stated that governments derive "their just powers from the consent of the governed".
What is the Declaration of Independence?
Delegates Oliver Ellsworth and George Mason debated whether individual states or federal law should regulate this specific trade.
What is the transatlantic slave trade?
$800 Clue: The 5th Amendment protects private property owners by requiring government "just compensation" under this power.
What is eminent domain?
The U.S. Constitution created a two-house (bicameral) legislature, unlike the Articles of Confederation which featured this single-house structure.
What is a unicameral legislature?
According to John Locke and the Declaration of Independence, citizens have this right if a government repeatedly violates their natural rights.
What is the right to alter or abolish the government?
Oliver Ellsworth argued for state control over slavery based on this economic reasoning.
What is "what enriches a part enriches the whole" (states best know their own economic interests)?
$1200 Clue: Before an individual can be tried for a major federal crime, this formal group must review the evidence and issue an indictment.
What is a grand jury?
National laws passed under the Articles of Confederation were difficult to enforce due to the complete lack of this branch of government.
What is the executive branch (or a national president)?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that legitimate political authority relies on the "general will" of the people, a concept known by this term.
What is popular sovereignty?
Anti-Federalists refused to ratify the proposed Constitution unless this specific group of protections was added.
What is the Bill of Rights?
$1600 Clue: The 5th Amendment protection against self-incrimination is commonly exercised in court using this informal phrase.
What is "pleading the Fifth" (or the right to remain silent)?
In order, these three branches of government are established by Articles 1, 2, and 3 of the U.S. Constitution.
What are the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches?
The Federalist Papers were written and published for this primary political purpose.
What is to build support for ratifying the U.S. Constitution?
Alexander Hamilton argued in Federalist No. 84 that adding a Bill of Rights was dangerous for this specific reason.
What is giving rulers an excuse/pretext to claim powers over anything not explicitly forbidden?
This overarching 5th Amendment guarantee ensures that government must follow fair, established legal procedures before depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property.
What is due process of law?
The original, unamended U.S. Constitution is structured into this exact number of Articles.
What is 7?
[DAILY DOUBLE]: Writing under this famous pseudonym, an Anti-Federalist author argued that unchecked rulers naturally abuse power, making explicit written limits necessary.
Who is Brutus?
[DAILY DOUBLE]: In Federalist No. 51, James Madison argued that the internal framework of government must be structured so its distinct branches maintain this relationship.
What are checks and balances (or separation of powers)?