Foundations of Islam
What does the word Islam mean? 伊斯兰教这个词是什么意思？
“Submission to God.” “顺服上帝。
What is the Qur’an? 什么是《古兰经》？
The holy book of Islam, containing God’s final revelations. 伊斯兰教的圣书，包含真主的最终启示。
What is the first Pillar of Islam? 伊斯兰教的第一功是什么？
Shahadah — declaration of faith 念功（沙哈达，信仰宣言）。
What is siyam? 什么是“斋功”(Siyam)？
Fasting during Ramadan 在斋月期间禁食。
What does jihad mean? “吉哈德”(Jihad)是什么意思
“To strive” or “to struggle.” “奋斗”或“努力”。
Who is considered the final prophet of Islam?谁被认为是伊斯兰教的最后一位先知？
Muhammad 穆罕默德
Who revealed God’s messages to Muhammad? 谁把真主的启示传达给穆罕默德？
The angel Gabriel 天使加百列。
What does the Shahadah say? 念功（沙哈达）的内容是什么？
“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is His messenger.” “除真主外别无神灵，穆罕默德是真主的使者。”
During Ramadan, when do Muslims fast? 穆斯林在斋月的哪段时间禁食？
From sunrise to sunset 从日出到日落。
What is the difference between the greater and lesser jihad? 大圣战与小圣战有什么区别？
Greater = inner moral struggle; Lesser = physical defense for justice. 大圣战：内心的道德奋斗；小圣战：外在保卫正义的斗争。
What is the ummah? 什么是乌玛
The Muslim community that unites believers worldwide. 团结世界各地信徒的穆斯林社区
What is the Sunnah? 什么是“圣行”(Sunnah)？
The example set by Muhammad through his words and actions. 穆罕默德的言行榜样
How many times a day do Muslims pray? 第二功是什么？
Five times a day 礼功（每日祈祷）。
What is the celebration called that marks the end of Ramadan? 斋月结束时的节日叫什么？
Eid al-Fitr 开斋节（Eid al-Fitr）。
What are the “three tools” of jihad? 圣战的“三种方式”是什么？
Heart, tongue, and hand.用心、用口、用手
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are all what type of religions?伊斯兰教、犹太教和基督教都是哪种宗教？
Monotheistic (belief in one God) 一神教（只信一个神）。
What are hadiths? 什么是“圣训”(Hadith)？
Written reports about Muhammad’s words and deeds. 记录穆罕默德言行的报告。
What is the second Pillar? 穆斯林每天祈祷几次？
Salat — daily prayer 一天五次。
What is the fifth Pillar of Islam? 第五功是什么？
Hajj — pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐（前往麦加朝圣）。
What is shari’ah? 什么是“沙里亚法”(Shari’ah)？
Islamic law that guides moral and social behavior. 指导穆斯林生活的伊斯兰法律与道德规范。
What do Muslims call Jews and Christians? 穆斯林称犹太人和基督徒为什么？
“People of the Book” “有经者”。
How do the Qur’an and Sunnah work together? 《古兰经》和圣行怎样一起发挥作用？
The Qur’an gives God’s laws; the Sunnah explains how to live by them. 古兰经传达真主的律法，圣行教导如何实践。
What is the third Pillar, and what does it mean? 第三功是什么？它的意义是什么？
Zakat — giving charity to purify wealth 课功（天课）——捐赠财物以净化财富。
Name two rituals performed during the Hajj. 说出两项朝觐仪式。
Circling the Ka’bah, praying at Arafat, drinking from Zamzam, stoning pillars, etc. 环绕天房、在阿拉法特祈祷、饮赞赞泉水、投石驱魔等。
Name the five categories of actions in Shari’ah. 沙里亚法把行为分为哪五类？
Forbidden, discouraged, allowed, recommended, obligatory. 禁止、可厌、允许、推荐、义务。