Similarities & Differences
100: What are two similarities between solids and liquids?
Both have a definite volume. Both consist of particles in constant motion.
100: What are the three states of matter?
Solid , Liquid , Gas
100: What is the definition of a solid?
A solid has a definite shape and volume, with particles in a fixed arrangement.
100: How would you model particles in a solid? State / not draw
As tightly packed spheres in a fixed pattern.
100: What does kinetic energy refer to?
The energy of motion of particles.
200: In what ways do solids and liquids differ?
Solids have a fixed shape; liquids do not. Solids have particles in a fixed pattern; liquids have more random particle arrangement.
200: Describe the particle arrangement in solids.
Particles are tightly packed in a fixed, orderly pattern.
200: Why is a solid state of matter used for designing tanks for transporting propane gas?
To withstand high pressure and keep the propane in a liquid state.
200: How do you show particles in a liquid? State not draw
As closely packed spheres with some movement past each other.
200: Describe how particle motion changes from solid to liquid.
Particles move from vibrating in place to flowing past each other.
300: What happens to the volume of a liquid when it is poured into a different container?
The volume remains constant.
300: How do gas particles behave compared to liquid particles?
Gas particles move rapidly and spread out, while liquid particles are closer and move past each other.
300: What happens to gas particles when they are heated?
They move faster and spread out.
300: What visual representation can be used for gas particles?
Widely spaced spheres moving rapidly.
300: How does the distance between particles vary in different states?
Particles are closest in solids, more spaced in liquids, and farthest apart in gases.
400: Why can a liquid metal be poured into a mold?
Because it takes the shape of the mold due to its liquid nature.
400: What state of matter has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape?
Liquid
400: Describe how the kinetic energy of particles changes in solids, liquids, and gases.
It increases from solids (low energy) to liquids (moderate energy) to gases (high energy).
400: What analogy can represent gas particles?
People moving randomly in a large room.
400: Why do gas particles spread out more than liquid particles?
Because they have higher kinetic energy and weaker attractions.
500: How do the shapes of solids and liquids differ when placed in a container?
Solids retain their shape; liquids adapt to the container's shape.
500: Explain how temperature affects the state of matter.
Increasing temperature generally leads to a transition from solid to liquid to gas, and vice versa when cooling.
500: How does particle attraction differ between solids and gases?
Stronger in solids (fixed positions) and weaker in gases (free movement).
500: How can you illustrate the difference between kinetic energy in solids and gases?
Show solids with minimal particle movement and gases with rapid, free-moving particles.
500: How do particle attractions affect the state of matter?
Stronger attractions keep particles in fixed positions (solids), while weaker attractions allow for more movement (liquids and gases).