Homeostasis
Give an example of a variable that is maintained through homeostasis.
1. body temperature
2. O2/CO2/glucose levels
3. blood pH
4. calcium levels
What side of the heart is deoxygenated blood found on?
Right side of the heart
What side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left side of the heart
Describe the function of the respiratory system.
The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the air and into/out of the lungs.
What is the job of the hairs inside the nose?
Prevent dirt and debris from going down the trachea.
Identify the two body systems that help control homeostasis and explain how the body systems are different.
Endocrine system - uses slow-acting chemical messengers called hormones that travel to the blood and trigger effectors to do something.
What is the purpose of the valves found in the heart and veins?
Valves prevent the back-flow of blood.
Describe the difference between arteries and veins.
Arteries typically carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart.
Veins typically carry deoxygenated blood TOWARD the heart.
What are the name of the two large tubes that branch off the trachea?
Bronchi
List two functions of the nasal cavity.
1. Warms air
2. Filters air
Explain the difference between a negative and positive feedback loop and give an example of each.
Negative feedback loop - counteracts - body temp, O2 levels, CO2 levels, blood sugar levels
Positive feedback loop - amplifies/increases - labor contractions, nursing, blood clotting
Identify the three types of cells found in blood and describe the function of each cell type.
Red Blood Cells - Transport oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells.
White blood cells - fight infection
Platelets - help blood to clot to stop bleeding
What kind of blood to the pulmonary veins contain. HINT: Pulmonary veins bring blood back to the heart before the heart sends the blood throughout the body.
Unlike most veins, the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood.
What is another name for the windpipe?
Trachea
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the lungs?
Alveoli
Blood vessels - dilate
Describe the function of the heart.
It is responsible for pumping blood around the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients and removing carbon dioxide and waste.
Describe what happens in the capillary bed.
In the capillary bed, materials are transported from the blood to the cells and from the cells to the blood.
What is the name of the muscle that must contract and relax to allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the lungs?
Diaghragm
Describe where oxygen goes once it leaves the RBC and include the cellular process that occurs.
Oxygen enters the cell and goes to the mitochondria where it is used for cellular respiration to make ATP..
Pancreas releases insulin which causes your body cells and liver to take up glucose. Liver stores glucose as glycogen.
Describe how the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries are different.
Arteries - largest vessel, lots of muscle, under most pressure
Veins - have valves, less muscle
Capillaries - smallest, one-cell thick, exchange of materials takes place between capillaries and cells.
Identify 3 functions of the circulatory system.
HINT: Don't forget about the blood cells and homeostasis.
1. Transport materials such as O2, CO2, H20, nutrients, hormones, and wastes.
2. Fight infection.
3. Regulate body temperature.
Describe the role of the alveoli.
Alveoli are air sacs found at the end of bronchioles where the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs.
Describe the path O2 takes to get into the body.
1. Nasal cavity
2. Mouth
3. Pharynx
4. Larynx
4. Bronchi
5. Bronchioles
6. Alveoli
7. Red Blood Cell