Nucleic Acids
What is the function of DNA?
What is the central dogma?
DNA is used to make RNA, and RNA makes proteins (DNA -> RNA -> Proteins)
What is the result of transcribing this DNA strand? ATC - GGA - TCT
UAG - CCU - AGA
What is an anticodon?
The three nitrogen bases on a molecule of tRNA
What are the monomers of nucleotides?
Nucleic acids
What happens during transcription?
DNA is used as a template to make mRNA
What are the amino acids that will be produced from this DNA strand? GGT - AAA - CTG
Pro - Phe - Asp
What enzyme unwinds DNA during replication and transcription?
Helicase
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
Possible answers: DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded; DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar; and DNA has the bases ATCG, while RNA has the bases AUCG
What happens during translation?
mRNA is used to join together amino acids and make a protein.
GTA - CAT - AAT
What enzyme adds complimentary bases to form an mRNA strand during transcription?
RNA Polymerase
What is tRNA's job?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) reads mRNA and brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Transcription happens in the nucleus, while translation happens at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
A tRNA molecule has the anticodon AGG. What amino acid does it carry?
Serine (Ser)
What enzyme adds complimentary bases to a template strand of DNA during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
Why is messenger RNA called messenger RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries DNA's message from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Amino acids
What amino acid do you get from a DNA sequence of GTC?
Gln
If you have the DNA sequence AAA, but then it gets mutated to the sequence AAG, will the resulting amino acid be the same or different?
The resulting amino acid will be the SAME. Both will end up being Phe, since UUU and UUC code for the same amino acid.