UAV
UAV parts
UAV parts
UAV
Open answer questions
100
Name at least three of different types
Any three from these four:
Fixed wing drone
Single rotor drone
Multiple rotor drone
Fixed wing signal rotor drone
100
Name 5 components in the drone
FC
GPS
Compass
IMU
ESC
Motor; Propeller
Battery
100
Which part of ESC perform the duty of regulating or changing current value
Capacitor
100
If you were a drone designer, how would you want to improve drone flight performance
Increasing lift force
Reducing drag force
Increase stabilities
Less turbulence
Less sudden drop
Improve energy efficiency
100
How to achieve a longer flight time
Use High-Capacity Batteries: Opt for batteries with higher mAh (milliamp-hour) ratings for extended power supply.
Lightweight Frame and Components: Reduce the overall weight by using lightweight materials and components.
Efficient Motors: Choose motors with a lower KV rating for greater efficiency at lower RPMs.
Aerodynamic Design: Streamline the design to minimize air resistance and drag.
Advanced Flight Controllers: Use flight controllers with efficient power management and algorithms that reduce unnecessary movements.
200
How do the propellers rotate to lift the drone properly?
2 in CW and 2 in CCW diagonally
200
How many wire does ESC have ( two ends )
3 wires connected with the motor
2 wires connected with the battery ( +-)
Signal wire connected to the FC
200
What does ESC do
An electronic speed controller (ESC) is an electronic circuit designed to adjust an electric motor’s speed, its direction, and perhaps to perform as a dynamic brake.
200
What is the drawback of using embedded (integrated) GPS or IMU unit on a single chip
Strong interference from the surrounding circuit
200
Why the BLDC motor is a better option compared with over AC ( at least two )
Efficiency: Brushless DC motors are highly efficient and offer better power-to-weight ratios compared to AC motors. This efficiency is crucial for drones, as it allows them to achieve the necessary thrust-to-weight ratios required for flight while maximizing battery life and flight time.
Control: BLDC motors provide precise speed control and high torque output, which is essential for stable flight. Flight controllers can adjust the speed of each motor independently to maintain stability, adjust altitude, and control the drone's orientation.
Size and Weight: BLDC motors are available in compact sizes and lightweight designs, making them suitable for integration into the small frames of consumer drones. The compact size helps reduce overall weight, allowing drones to carry payloads such as cameras or sensors while maintaining flight performance.
Battery Compatibility: Drones are typically powered by DC batteries, and BLDC motors operate directly on DC power. This eliminates the need for additional components, such as inverters, to convert DC power to AC, simplifying the overall design and reducing power losses associated with conversion.
Cost: BLDC motors are generally more cost-effective than AC motors, making them a preferred choice for consumer-grade drones where cost considerations are important.
300
Name at least two primary factors influencing the aerodynamic performance of a drone
1. Airfoil Design / Propellers
2. Weight and Balance
3. Structural Design
4.Control Systems
...
300
What does power density mean and what is the unit?
The amount of power output per unit volume or mass of a system
300
What does energy density mean and what is the unit?
The amount of energy stored in a given volume or mass of a substance or system
300
What does IMU stand for
(Inertial Measurement Unit)
300
How did you arm a DJI drone yesterday?
Left: Bottom right (45 degree)
Right: Bottom left (45 degree)
400
Name at least 4 inputs to the flight controller
IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)
Radio Receiver,
battery monitor,
GPS (Global Positioning System)module
other onboard sensors
…
400
What does GPS do (what kind of information can it provide to the drone)
Satellite-based navigation system that provides accurate position, velocity, and timing information to GPS receivers. It allows the drone to determine its precise location and altitude anywhere on Earth.
400
Name one component and its functionality in IMU
The IMU consists of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sometimes magnetometers. These sensors provide information about the drone's orientation, acceleration, and angular rates, which are crucial for stabilizing the aircraft and maintaining its attitude.
Gyroscopes: They typically consist of a spinning mass (rotor) mounted on a gimbal that allows it to freely rotate about one or more axes. When the quadcopter rotates, the gyroscope's rotor maintains its orientation in space due to the conservation of angular momentum, providing a reference frame for measuring angular rates.
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to detect changes in acceleration. They consist of tiny, suspended masses that move in response to acceleration forces. As the quadcopter accelerates or decelerates, these masses move relative to the sensor, causing a change in capacitance or resistance, which is then converted into electrical signals.
400
What is the functionality of the IMU
The IMU consists of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sometimes magnetometers. These sensors provide information about the drone's orientation, acceleration, and angular rates, which are crucial for stabilizing the aircraft and maintaining its attitude.
400
Name a ground control software
Mission planner
Skybrush live/server
QGround control
500
Name at least 3 outputs from the flight controller
motor speeds via ESCs,
Voltage measurement
motor status (RPM, current)
Current
LEDs
cameras
Payloads
…
500
What does compass do ( what kind of information can it provide to the drone)
Compass : helps in orientation estimation and navigation
Magnetometers detect the Earth's magnetic field and provide heading information to the flight controller. This helps in orientation estimation and navigation, especially when GPS signals are unavailable or unreliable.
500
Why we are using both gps and compass
The compass provides heading information, which, when combined with GPS position data, enables the drone to navigate accurately in both horizontal and vertical dimensions.
The compass is crucial for maintaining the drone's heading and orientation, especially when GPS signals are unavailable or unreliable.
even in challenging environments with magnetic interference or GPS signal disruptions
500
What controlling signal does ESC receive from flight controller
PWM
500
What’s the frequency of the telemetry radio we are using (in North America)
Hint: The telemetry radio module
902 to 928 MHz. This frequency range is known as the 915 MHz frequency band.