Atoms & Molecules
What is the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element.
An atom
What is a material that comes from nature called?
A natural resource
What happens to particle motion when thermal energy is added?
Particles move faster.
What is stored energy called?
Potential energy
What are the three common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What do we call two or more atoms chemically joined together?
A molecule
Synthetic materials are made from what?
Natural resources
What happens to particle motion when thermal energy is removed?
Particles move slower.
What happens to gravitational potential energy when an object is moved higher?
It increases.
Which has faster-moving particles: a hot cup of water or a cold cup of water?
The hot water
How many hydrogen atoms are in H₂O?
Two
Which is a synthetic material: wood, cotton, or plastic?
Plastic
What happens to ice when enough thermal energy is added?
It melts and changes from a solid to a liquid.
Which has more gravitational potential energy: a book on the floor or the same book on a shelf?
The book on the shelf.
A toy car is placed at the top of a ramp. What type of energy does it have because of its position?
Gravitational potential energy
What elements make up a molecule of CO₂?
Carbon and oxygen
Put these in the correct order: synthetic material, natural resource, chemical process.
Natural resource → chemical process → synthetic material
A pot of water is heated. Describe what happens to the particles as thermal energy is added.
The particles gain energy, move faster, and the temperature increases. If enough energy is added, the water can change state from liquid to gas.
Two magnets are pushed together with similar poles facing each other(N and N). What happens to the potential energy stored in the system as they are pushed closer?
The potential energy increases because you are applying a force when they repel.
A material begins as a natural resource and is changed through a chemical process to create a new material. What type of material has been created?
A synthetic material
A molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. What is its chemical formula?
H₂O
Why are synthetic materials useful to society? Give one example.
They can be used to create useful products such as medicines, plastics, alternative fuels, clothing, etc.
A liquid is placed in a freezer. What happens to the particle motion and eventually the state of the substance?
The particles slow down, and the liquid can change into a solid.
What happens when two objects with opposite electric charges come near each other?
They attract (pull toward each other)
A scientist models H₂O. How many total atoms are represented in the model?
3 atoms.