Theory
This type of wave passes through soft tissue.
What is Cavitation?
This frequency is best used for deeper tissue treatments.
What is 1 MHz?
The size of the treatment area should be limited to no more than this gauge.
What is twice the size of the soundhead?
This frequency is best for a patellar tendinopathy of a 45 y.o. runner with 3 cats and a history of a dislocated thumb.
What is 3 MHz?
This is where an electrical voltage produces a mechanical strain.
What is Reverse Piezoelectric Effect?
This biophysical effect (thermal or nonthermal) is used to treat fractures.
What is nonthermal effects?
This Spatial Average Intensity (SAI) is when issue damage starts to occur.
What is 8.5 W/cm²?
Ultrasound treatments should be dependent on this, not time.
What is temperature?
This is the duty cycle used for a 68 y.o. pickleball player who has never had ultrasound before. He has lateral epicondylitis on his left elbow.
What is 10%?
Tissues high in water content decrease this. Adversely, tissues high in protein content increase this.
What is absorption?
Analgesic effects of this other modality can interfere with perception of heating when paired with ultrasound.
What is cryotherapy?
This is the amount of of energy (power) passing through the sound head's effective radiating area.
What is Spatial Average Intensity (SAI)?
This is the stretching window for a patient that has just completed an ultrasound treatment.
What is 5-10 minutes?
A 23 y.o. gymnast comes to you with a R deltoid ligament sprain. Either of these coupling methods would work best for a bony area - in this case: a medial foot. (2 answers accepted)
What is Bladder Technique?
What is Immersion Technique?
This is directly related to tissue density: the higher the density, the greater this is.
This is a unidirectional flow of fluid and tissue components along the cell membrane interface resulting in mechanical pressure waves in an ultrasonic field.
What is Microstreaming?
This is the formula for Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR).
What is SPI/SAI?
These conditions require more treatment over a shorter period of time. (Ex. 2x a day over 6-8 days)
What is Acute Conditions?
Your patient, Harry Jacobs, has acute inflammation. This biophysical effect, when applied, will change cell membrane permeability, which results in degranulation and release of growth factors and platelets that stimulate fibroblast proliferation.
What is Nonthermal Effects?
These materials are now used to create synthetic crystals for ultrasound.
What is Barium titanate and/or Lead zirconate titanate?
This intensity heats tissue at .9° C when applying 3 MHz of frequency.
What is 1.5 W/cm²?
This is the area of the ultrasound beam where the distribution of energy is nonuniform due to the manner in which waves are generated and differences in acoustic pressure.
What is Near Field?
The applicator should be moved at this speed during an ultrasound treatment to avoid hot spots.
What is 4 cm/sec or 1.5"/sec?
Pennie Lane has an interspinal sprain between T6 and T7. This ERA is best for her, a 33 y.o. swimmer to promote tissue healing.
What is Not Indicated!!!