Anatomy: Circle of Willis
Approaches
MCA Vasospasm
Miscellaneous
Ultrasound Images
100
Only This percentage of people with an intact circle of Willis have the classic configuration we know and learn
What is 25%
100
This is the direction of the PCA from a transtemporal approach
What is towards
100
Specific to vasospasms, this is the general time frame when patients normally experience vasospasms and their symptoms
What is several days post-op, not immediate delayed by many days
100

This is the standard frequency for a transducer used for TCD.

What is 2MHz

100

This is the vessel the ultrasound image portrays from a transorbital approach

What is Genu

200

This vessel connects the Basilar artery to the Posterior communicating artery

What is the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

200
This is the approximate range of depth for the vertebral artery from a suboccipital approach
What is 6 - 9 cm (I will accept 1cm either way)
200

This is the range an MCA vasospasm would fall between for a mild and moderate combined vasospasm (hint for you're test you will need to know the criteria separately)

What is 120 - 200 cm/sec

200

This is the order of the segments of the ICA starting from proximal (closest to the heart) to distal including all segments.

What is Cervical, Petrous, Cavernous (Parasellar, Genu), Supraclinoid. (Must include the 2 sections of the cavernous ICA)

200

This is the vessel the ultrasound image portrays

What is MCA

300

These are two vessels normally seen in the Circle of Willis that provide contralateral flow to other locations. (Ophathalmic artery not an answer on this one) w answers

What is anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery (Basilar artery also accepted)

300
This vessel could have the deepest depth out of all other vessels from a transtemoral approach.
What is the ACA (Anterior cerebral artery)
300

This is what the acronym HITS stands for

What is High Intensity Transient Signal

300

The mortality rate for cerebral aneurysms is greater than this percentage

What is 50%

300

This vessel is displayed by the ultrasound image from a suboccipital approach

What is Vertebral artery

400

*** DAILY DOUBLE *** The MCA carries this range (in percent) of the flow from the ICA

What is 75-80% (I'll give it to you if you're within 2% either way.)

400
*** DAILY DOUBLE*** This is the mean velocity of the supraclinoid artery from a transorbital approach (including units)
What is 41 (+/-) 11 cm/sec
400

This is what causes the red spikes known as microembolic signals seen on a TCD with a HALO device

What is air bubbles or particulate matter

400

List one out of the three characteristics that occurs with AV Malformation.

What is: Increased systolic and diastolic flow velocities, Very low pulsatility indices, Reduced flow in adjacent arteries

400

This is the vessel the ultrasound image portrays from a transorbital approach.

What is Ophthalmic artery

500
This vessel has the lowest TAMV out of all of the other vessels we isonate with TCD
What is the Ophthalmic artery (21 (+/-) 5 cm/sec)
500
This is the Depth, flow direction, and mean velocity of the MCA vessel from a transtemporal approach. (I need 3 answers)
What is range: 3-6 cm (1 cm each way ok), flow: towards, and mean velocity: 55 (+/-) 12 cm/sec (you must get the 55 and units correct, but I will accept (+/-): 10, 11, 13, 14)
500

This is a specific procedure where a HALO device would be used to examine the flow to the MCA vessels (brain/neuro surgery not accepted)

What is carotid endarterectomy, carotid angrioplasty/stenting, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

500

This is another term for cross over collateralization

What is Anterior to posterior collateral

500
What is the sonographer demonstrating in this image?
What is Severe vasospasm in the MCA
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