Energy
A protein has these characteristics:
It increases the rate of a chemical reaction
It is not destroyed in a chemical reaction.
It binds the reactants of a reaction.
What is it?
The molecule is a catalyst and an enzyme.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the primary pigments in green leaves used for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
At what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope fragment (disappear)?
Prophase
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
4 daughter cells
What type of energy is predominant when hydrogen ions are diffusing through ATP synthase? (one or two words)
Chemical Energy
What are the two types of fermentation reactions?
Ethanol and Lactic acid fermentation
Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast?
Stroma of the Chloroplast
At what stage of mitosis are sister chromatids aligned equidistant from the spindle poles?
Metaphase
At what stage do chromosomes undergo independent assortment?
Metaphase I
Define and distinguish exergonic and endergonic reactions.
what are the types of reactions where energy is released (exergonic) or absorbed (endergonic), respectively?
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic cellular respiration?
Oxygen
When do CAM plants primarily take in carbon dioxide?
At night
The spindle fibers attach to replicated chromsomes during mitosis and meiosis at what region?
kinetochores
A mosquito has 6 chromosomes in its somatic cells. Ignoring crossing over, how many kinds of gametes can be produced during meiosis?
If a mosquito has 6 chromosomes in its somatic cells, that means it has 3 pairs of chromosomes. During meiosis, the chromosomes segregate independently, leading to the formation of different combinations of chromosomes in the gametes.
2N= 23= 8 Pairs
Refer to the image on the white board.
Does the conversion of ADP + Pi to ATP release energy or require energy?
The conversion of ADP + Pi to ATP absorbs energy. This process occurs during cellular respiration and photosynthesis, where the ATP synthase enzyme catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP.
In comparing the catabolism and anabolism of glucose, cellular respiration results in the _____ of glucose, and photosynthesis results in the _____ of CO2.
oxidation of glucose,
reduction of CO2
What stage of photosynthesis has O2, ATP, and NADPH as endproducts?
Light Reactions
What is the process of cell division in prokaryotic cells called?
Binary fission
Liver cells of common laboratory rats have 42 chromosomes. Following meiosis, how many chromosomes are present in a gamete?
Each gamete produced following meiosis will have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
21 chromosomes
The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as
a) Feedback inhibition
b) neg feedback inhibition
c) allosteric regulation
d) positive feedback inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Consider the oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen. Start with one molecule of pyruvate and end at the completion of the Kreb's cycle. Do not include oxidative phosphorylation.
How many NADH molecules will result?
How many FADH2 molecules will be obtained?
3 NADH
1 FADH2
Light-dependent reactions occur in the ____ and light-independent reactions occur in the _____ in the chloroplast of a typical cell.
Light Dependent: Thylakoid membrane
Light Independent: Stroma
What is the term used to describe the replicated form of a chromosome? (one or two words)
Sister Chromatid
Besides crossing over, what other process contributes to genetic variation in sexual reproduction?
Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes segregate randomly into daughter cells.