Chapter 11
A term used to describe the system of slavery in the Southern United States, highlighting its unique characteristics and moral implications.
What is a peculiar institution?
An advocate for the mentally ill who played a significant role in the establishment of mental health institutions and reforming the treatment of the mentally ill.
Who is Dorothea Dix?
A series of measures intended to settle the ongoing slavery dispute. It admitted California as a free state, allowed popular sovereignty in the New Mexico and Utah territories, assumed Texas's debt, abolished the slave trade in D.C., and instituted a stricter Fugitive Slave Act.
What is the Compromise of 1850?
An executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declaring the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party, often viewed as traitors by other Southerners
Who are the scalawags?
A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled African Americans could not be citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.
What is the Dred Scott decision?
An education reformer known as the 'Father of the American Public School System' who advocated for universal public education
Who is Horace Mann?
The policy of allowing the white settlers in a new territory to decide the issue of whether to permit slavery themselves, rather than having Congress decide. This concept was most closely associated with Stephen A. Douglas.
What is popular sovereignty?
Slave states that did not secede from the Union during the Civil War, including Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri
What are the Border states?
Laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights of freed African Americans and maintain white supremacy.
What are the Black codes?
What significant legal case is associated with the rights of slaves when a slave killed her master?
What is the Trial of Celia.
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
What is the temperance movement?
The site of abolitionist John Brown's failed 1859 raid on a federal arsenal to spark a slave uprising. Brown's capture and execution made him a martyr in the North and intensified Southern fears of abolitionist conspiracies.
What is Harpers Ferry,VA?
Former enslaved individuals who were liberated as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation and subsequent legal changes.
Who are freedmen?
A federal agency established in 1865 to assist freed slaves in the South during the Reconstruction era, providing food, housing, education, and medical care.
What is the Freedmens Bureau?
The forced migration of enslaved Africans within the United States, particularly from the Upper South to the Deep South, during the 19th century.
What is the 2nd Middle Passage?
A philosophical movement emphasizing individual intuition and the inherent goodness of people and nature, influencing educational reform.
What is transcendentalism?
A controversial 1846 proposal to outlaw slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico. It failed to pass but inflamed sectional tensions.
What is the Wilmot Proviso?
Military Necessity
What is a justification used by Lincoln for the Emancipation Proclamation, arguing that freeing enslaved people would weaken the Confederate war effort.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
A series of laws that divided the South into military districts and established conditions for re-admittance to the Union, including the protection of voting rights for African Americans.
An African American man who led a planned slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, which was ultimately foiled.
Who is Denmark Vesey?
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americ
What is the Second Great Awakening?
A nativist, anti-Catholic third party organized in 1854 in reaction to large-scale German and Irish immigration.
What is the Know Nothing party?
The states that remained loyal to the United States federal government during the Civil War.
What are the union states?
A law that aimed to guarantee African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and prohibited exclusion from jury service.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?