PICO
Research
Ethical principles
Paradigms
Research concepts
100
What does the P stand for in PICO?
Patient, problem or population
100
What is research?
-Knowledge -Scientific -Understanding
100
What is autonomy?
Self-determination, Independence, Free-will (right to consent)
100
What is a paradigm?
A position or view of the world that encompasses philosophies, assumptions and beliefs that guides research
100
What is ontology?
The study of existence. Provides the 'world-view' that guides the study.
200
What does the I stand for in PICO?
Intervention or exposure- the specific treatment or activities
200
What is evidence based research?
A clinical activity where decisions about patient care are informed by the best available current scientific evidence.
200
What is beneficence/nonmaleficence?
Do good or no harm
200
What is quantitative paradigm?
Positivist paradigm- numbers, deductive
200
What is epistemology?
Theoretical study of knowledge involved in the search for knowledge and truth. Provides a focus for the study
300
What does the C stand for in PICO?
Comparison/ control- what is being compared with the intervention described above
300
What is a primary resource?
Written by the person who conducted the research or developed the theory
300
What is Justice?
Fairness, rightness and equity
300
What is qualitative paradigm?
Naturalistic and critical paradigms- words, inductive
300
What is methodology?
Provides a framework for conducting the study
400
What does the O stand for in PICO?
Outcome- the specific results of interest- short, intermediate, and long term outcomes.
400
What is a secondary resource?
Written by someone other than the original author or researcher
400
What is veracity?
Associated with autonomy- right to be informed
400
What are the common quantitative approaches?
-Observational -Quasi- experimental -Experimental
400
What is a hypothesis?
Statement of predicted outcome- arises from the research question.
500
What does the T mean in PICO (T)? If applicable
Timing- describes the duration of time that is of interest for particular patient, outcome, benefit, or harm to occur (or not to occur)
500
Why is literature review important?
-Systematic critical review of current research -Compares findings -Search databases - Sources of literature
500
What is confidentiality?
Includes concept of privacy and anonymity
500
What are some common qualitative research approaches?
-Phenomenology -Grounded theory -Ethnography -Historical research method, photovoice
500
What is validity?
Refers to the accuracy and truth of the data and findings that are produced.
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