Culture and Its Effects on Organizations
The attitude of those who operate from the assumptions that their ways of doing things are best
What is ethnocentrism?
The degree of traditionally masculine values prevalent throughout society
What is masculinity?
A society’s ideas about what is good or bad, right or wrong
What are values?
A person’s actions are influenced by obligations to others and the need to repay these obligations motivates their social life
What is obligation oriented?
This country puts emphasis on the individual over the company and likes to take their time with business dealings
What is Brazil?
The shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals that comprise society
What is culture?
The degree to which a culture programs its members to accept delayed gratification of their material, social and emotional needs
What is long-term/short-term orientation?
The dimension that refers to the level of importance a society attaches to future-oriented behaviors
What is future orientation?
The geographical region where most people are high on power distance and uncertainty avoidance, fairly high on masculinity, low on individualism, and tend to have a comparatively short-term orientation toward planning
What is Latin America?
Religion controls everything in this country, with employees often spending more than 2 hours a day in prayer
What is Saudi Arabia?
When someone expects those from or in another country to fall automatically into patterns of behavior common in their country or culture
What is parochialism?
The tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate families with less emphasis on the needs of society
What is individualism?
The dimension that measures the extent to which a society encourages and rewards people for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind
What is humane orientation?
The country that has a work culture that emphasizes a devotion to work, collective responsibility, and a high degree of worker productivity
What is Japan?
Honor, pride, and dignity are at the core of this country’s society. These values take precedence over business dealings
What is Saudi Arabia?
When managers adapt to the local environment and people and manage accordingly
What is contingency management?
The level of acceptance by a society of the unequal distribution of power in institutions
What is power distance?
The dimension that measures the importance of performance improvement and excellence in society and refers to whether people are encouraged to strive for continued improvement
What is performance orientation?
The country that has a work culture that is conservative, values privacy, politeness, and formality. There is a strict protocol, and they adhere to rules
What is Germany?
This meal is especially important in Brazilian business culture, and it is a great way to build business relationships
What is lunch?
The expectations, norms, and goals held in common by members of that group
What is organizational culture?
The extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations
What is uncertainty avoidance?
The dimension that refers to how much people in a society are expected to be tough, confrontational, and competitive, versus modest and tender
What is assertiveness?
Composite pictures of working environments, people’s attitudes, and norms of behavior
What are cultural profiles?
Guanxi is an all-pervasive presence and facilitates business transactions in this country
What is China?