Kingdoms and Organisation
Yeast, Bacteria, and Protoctists
Decomposers
Rock Cycle
Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?
Weathering and Erosion
States of Matter
Float or sink?
Pressure
100
Name 3 of the Kingdoms
Plants, animals, protoctists/protists, prokaryotes, fungi
100
Is yeast a unicellular or multicellular organism?
Unicellular
100
What do decomposers do?
Break down dead organisms
100
What are the 3 main types of rock?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
100
Which type of rock often contains fossils?
Sedimentary
100
What is the process called where rocks are broken down by wind, water, or temperature changes?
Weathering
100
What are the 3 main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
100
What determines whether an object floats or sinks?
Its density compared to the density of the fluid
100
What unit is pressure measured in?
Pascals (Pa) or N/m2
200
Which kingdom do bacteria belong to?
Prokaryotes
200
What gas is produced by yeast that allows bread to rise?
Carbon Dioxide
200
Which of the following is not an example of a decomposer: Fungi, protoctists, or bacteria?
Protoctists
200
Which type of rock is formed from cooled lava or magma?
Igneous
200
Granite is an example of what type of rock?
Igneous
200
What is the movement of broken rock particles by wind or water called?
Erosion
200
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and volume?
Solid
200
If an object is less dense than water, will it float or sink?
Float
200
How can you increase pressure on a surface?
Increase force or reduce the area (either is accepted, no extra points for both)
300
What is one structure found in bacteria that is not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, flagellum, plasmids
300
What is the name of the small, circular DNA found in bacteria?
Plasmid
300
Why are decomposers important?
They recycle nutrients and water back into the environment that other organisms can use
300
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
From layers of sediment compacted together
300
Which type of rock can form from limestone under heat and pressure?
Metamorphic
300
What type of weathering happens when water freezes in cracks and then expands?
Freeze-thaw
300
What happens to particles in a substance when it's heated?
They move faster and spread out
300
What is the name of the force that pushes objects up in a fluid?
Upthrust
300
What is the formula for calculating pressure?
Force/area
400
Name the 3 structures found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells.
Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
400
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic is with oxygen, anaerobic is without oxygen
400
What conditions help decomposers break things down faster?
Warmth, moisture, and oxygen
400
What 2 things cause a rock to become metamorphic?
Heat and pressure
400
Name the type of rock that a conglomerate would be
Sedimentary
400
What type of rain causes chemical weathering?
Acid rain
400
What is the process called when a gas turns to a liquid?
Condensation
400
Why does a hot air balloon work?
The overall density of the hot air balloon, basket, and passengers is lower than that of air
400
Why do snowshoes help you walk on snow?
They spread your weight over a larger area, reducing pressure
500
Put the 5 levels of organisation from smallest to largest. (hint: start with cell)
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
500
What is the difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic: has nucleus, prokaryotic: no nucleus
500
How do decomposers absorb nutrients from their surroundings?
By releasing enzymes that break down the material, which can then be absorbed by the decomposer.
500
Describe the full rock cycle starting from magma
Magma cools to form igneous rock, weathering and erosion, sediments fall, sedimentary rock, heat and pressure, metamorphic rock, melts to magma
500
Describe two differences between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Sedimentary - formed from sediments and may contain fossils
Metamorphic - formed by heat and pressure and have a crystalline texture
500
How do weathering and erosion work together to change landscapes?
Weathering breaks down rock, erosion moves the particles to new places.
500
Why doesn't the temperature change during the process of melting?
All of the heat energy goes into breaking forces between particles instead of raising the temperature.
500
A wooden cube has a volume of 8cm3 and a mass of 4g. Will it float or sink when put into water? Show your work to get points.
D = m/v= 4/8 = 0.5g/cm3
0.5 is less than water's density of 1, so it will float
500
Explain why pressure increases with depth in water
More water is above, meaning more force pushing down