Nephrology 1
Urinalysis clue for urinary tract malignancy
Nonglomerular hematuria
Recommended urine output to prevent recurrent stones
>2.5 L/24 h
Dipstick results predictive of UTI
Positive leukocyte esterase and nitrates
First-line hypertension drugs during pregnancy
Nifedipine, labetalol
BP high in doctor's office, normal otherwise
White coat hypertension
eGFR threshold for kidney transplant evaluation
15-20 mL/min/1.73 m2
Initial screening test for primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA)
Antihypertensive drugs contraindicated in pregnancy
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors
Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy
IV isotonic saline; minimize contrast exposure
First-line treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
Medical management
Causes of metabolic alkalosis, hypovolemia, low urine chloride
Vomiting, diuretic use
Chronic respiratory alkalosis compensation
4-5 mEq ↓ HCO3 for each 10 mm Hg ↓ PCO2
Acute respiratory acidosis compensation
1 mEq ↑ HCO3 for each 10 mm Hg ↑ PCO2
Diagnosis for anion gap acidosis and Δ-Δ ratio <0.5-1
Concurrent metabolic acidosis
Diagnosis for anion gap acidosis and Δ-Δ ratio >2
Concurrent metabolic alkalosis
Drug therapy for lithium-induced arginine vasopressin resistance
Amiloride
CKD indication for bicarbonate therapy
Bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
eGFR threshold to begin loop diuretic for BP control
<20-30 mL/min/1.73 m2
Diagnosis that includes criteria for MGUS plus renal insufficiency
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Nephropathy associated with highest risk of thrombosis
Membranous nephropathy
Indication for immunosuppression for primary membranous nephropathy
Persistent nephrotic-range proteinuria after 6-12 months
Glomerular disease, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular disease
Hereditary nephritis (Alport disease)
Obesity-related glomerular disease
Secondary FSGS
Rash, arthralgia, abdominal pain, kidney disease
IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
ADPKD-associated intracranial manifestation
Aneurysms