Scientific Attitude
What three components make up the Scientific Attitude?
Curiosity, Skepticism, Humility
If Gary underreports how much they smoke on the documents given by the doctor, what bias is Gary exhibiting?
Social Desirability Bias
What are the five components you need to conduct research?
IV, DV, EG, CG, Operational Definition
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
What are the two types of statistics?
Descriptive and Inferential
Are stress-levels related to divorce? This question represents which component of the scientific attitude
Curiosity
What are the three roadblocks to critical thinking?
Hindsight Bias, Overconfidence, Perceiving order in random events
What is the difference between informed consent and debriefing?
Informed consent is getting the participants consent to do the study before it happens. Debriefing is telling the participant the purpose and all deceptions after the study.
What is the best research method to use if I want to study employees' needs and preferences for professional development and training, helping HR departments to create more effective programs
Survey
If the mean if higher than the median, is that a positive or negative skew?
Positive Skew
Why is psychology a science?
findings are based on the result of scientific approach based on careful observation and testing
True or False: Selective sampling is defined as a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
False; that is sampling bias
Teachers who sing in the hallways are more likely to form long-lasting rapport with their students. How would you label this experiment? (IV, DV, EG, CG)
IV: teacher sings in the hall, DV: rapport with students, EG: teachers who sing in the halls, CG: teachers who remain unchanged
Phineas Gage had a metal pole go through his eye and out his head. They removed it and studied the effects of his brain damage on his personality. What research method is this an example of?
Case Study
If the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 20, what percentage of scores fall between 80 and 140?
81.5%
What is critical thinking?
Thinking that does not automatically accept arguments and conclusions
True of False: the Hawthorne Effect is when people report their behavior inaccurately
False; this is self-report bias.
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
a. +0.75
b. +1.3
c -0.85
d. -0.05
What is the best research method if I want to study the effects of mirrors in bathrooms and high school student confidence level?
Experiment
I conducted a meta-analysis for studies done on the effects of strobe lighting in movies to audience members recall of the movie plot. I found a 45% confidence interval that the true amount of recall is 80% of the movie. What does this mean?
If we repeatedly found confidence intervals from samples of this population, 45% of those studies would contain the true mean
Massive losses of brain tissue early in life may have minimal long-term effects. What component of the scientific attitude does this represent?
Humilty
What is experimenter bias?
When researchers may unintentionally influence results to confirm their own beliefs
What is the purpose of random assignment?
reduce potential confounding variables
Give an example of a naturalistic observational study. Also give the IV and the DV
Ex: aggression on the playground; naturalistic observations should not have any variables manipulated
If the p-value is .049, what does this mean?
It is statistically significant; p < 0.05