Perspectives
A THERAPIST EXPLAINS THAT HER CLIENT’S FEAR OF DOGS IS A LEARNED BEHAVIOR THAT WAS REINFORCED OVER TIME. WHICH PERSPECTIVE IS THE THERAPIST USING?
Behavioral
A RESEARCHER WATCHES HOW CHILDREN INTERACT ON A PLAYGROUND WITHOUT INTERVENING IN ANY WAY. WHAT RESEARCH METHOD IS THIS?
Naturalistic Observation
IN AN EXPERIMENT TESTING WHETHER CAFFEINE IMPROVES REACTION TIME, THE GROUP THAT RECEIVES A PLACEBO IS CALLED THE _______.
Control Group
THE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING SCORE IN A DATA SET.
Mode
BEFORE PARTICIPATING IN A STUDY, PARTICIPANTS MUST BE TOLD ABOUT THE STUDY’S PURPOSE AND PROCEDURES AND AGREE TO TAKE PART. THIS IS CALLED _______.
Informed Consent
A RESEARCHER WANTS TO STUDY THE EXERCISE HABITS OF AMERICAN ADULTS. TO GET RESULTS THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO ALL AMERICAN ADULTS, SHE NEEDS A _______.
Representative Sample (or Random Sample)
DR. MARTINEZ BELIEVES THAT A PATIENT’S DEPRESSION STEMS FROM UNRESOLVED CHILDHOOD CONFLICTS AND UNCONSCIOUS DESIRES. WHICH PERSPECTIVE IS DR. MARTINEZ USING?
Psychodynamic
A PSYCHOLOGIST SENDS A QUESTIONNAIRE TO 2,000 PEOPLE ASKING ABOUT THEIR SLEEP HABITS AND STRESS LEVELS. WHAT RESEARCH METHOD IS THIS?
Survey
A RESEARCHER RANDOMLY ASSIGNS PARTICIPANTS TO EITHER A MEDITATION GROUP OR A NO-MEDITATION GROUP AND MEASURES THEIR ANXIETY LEVELS AFTER FOUR WEEKS. WHAT IS THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
Whether or not participants receive meditation (meditation vs. no meditation)
A RESEARCHER REPORTS THAT THE AVERAGE TEST SCORE IN HER STUDY WAS 78. SHE IS REPORTING THE _______.
WHICH NEUROTRANSMITTER IS LIKELY CONTRIBUTING TO THIS FEELING?
Mean
A PARTICIPANT IN A RESEARCH STUDY DECIDES SHE NO LONGER WANTS TO CONTINUE. THE RESEARCHER MUST ALLOW HER TO LEAVE WITHOUT PENALTY. THIS ETHICAL PRINCIPLE IS _______.
Right to Withdraw
A PERSONALITY TEST PRODUCES THE SAME RESULTS WHEN THE SAME PERSON TAKES IT TWO WEEKS APART. THIS TEST HAS HIGH _______.
Reliability
A RESEARCHER STUDIES HOW CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS ABOUT GENDER ROLES AFFECT MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES ACROSS DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. WHICH PERSPECTIVE IS THIS?
Sociocultural
A RESEARCHER CONDUCTS AN IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION OF A PATIENT WITH A RARE BRAIN INJURY, DOCUMENTING HIS BEHAVIOR AND COGNITIVE ABILITIES OVER SEVERAL YEARS. WHAT RESEARCH METHOD IS THIS?
Case Study
A STUDY FINDS THAT STUDENTS WHO CHEW GUM DURING A TEST SCORE HIGHER, BUT THE RESEARCHERS LATER DISCOVER THAT THE GUM-CHEWING STUDENTS WERE ALSO BETTER PREPARED. THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION IS A _______.
Confounding Variable
TWO CLASSROOMS BOTH HAVE A MEAN TEST SCORE OF 80, BUT CLASSROOM A HAS A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 2 WHILE CLASSROOM B HAS A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 12. WHAT DOES THIS TELL YOU?
Classroom A's scores are clustered closely around the mean (less variability). Classroom B's scores are much more spread out (more variability).
AFTER A STUDY INVOLVING DECEPTION, THE RESEARCHER EXPLAINS THE TRUE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY TO PARTICIPANTS. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _______.
Debriefing
A RESEARCHER RECRUITS PARTICIPANTS BY ASKING STUDENTS IN HER PSYCHOLOGY CLASS TO VOLUNTEER. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF _______ SAMPLING, AND IT COULD LIMIT THE _______ OF HER RESULTS.
Convenience sampling; Generalizability
A PSYCHOLOGIST ARGUES THAT A CLIENT’S ANXIETY CAN BE EXPLAINED BY NEGATIVE THOUGHT PATTERNS AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS ABOUT THE SELF. WHICH PERSPECTIVE IS THIS?
Cognitive
A RESEARCHER COLLECTS DATA SHOWING THAT AS SOCIAL MEDIA USE INCREASES, SELF-ESTEEM DECREASES. WHAT TYPE OF STUDY IS THIS?
Correlational study
IN A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF A NEW DRUG, NEITHER THE PARTICIPANTS NOR THE RESEARCHERS ADMINISTERING THE DRUG KNOW WHO IS RECEIVING THE REAL MEDICATION AND WHO IS RECEIVING THE PLACEBO. WHAT IS THIS PROCEDURE CALLED?
Double-Blind Procedure
A RESEARCHER FINDS A CORRELATION OF r = -0.85 BETWEEN HOURS OF SLEEP AND NUMBER OF MISTAKES ON A TASK. DESCRIBE THE STRENGTH AND DIRECTION OF THIS RELATIONSHIP.
Strong negative correlation — as hours of sleep increase, the number of mistakes decreases.
A RESEARCHER PUBLISHES RESULTS BUT ENSURES THAT NO INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPANT CAN BE IDENTIFIED FROM THE DATA. ALL RESPONSES ARE RECORDED USING ID NUMBERS INSTEAD OF NAMES. THIS ETHICAL PRINCIPLE IS _______.
Confidentiality
A PUBLISHED STUDY’S FINDINGS CANNOT BE REPRODUCED WHEN OTHER RESEARCHERS REPEAT THE EXPERIMENT USING THE SAME PROCEDURES. THIS FAILURE OF _______ RAISES QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ORIGINAL FINDINGS.
Replication
A RESEARCHER STUDYING AGGRESSION EXAMINES IT FROM MULTIPLE ANGLES: BRAIN CHEMISTRY, LEARNED BEHAVIOR, UNCONSCIOUS DRIVES, AND CULTURAL NORMS. WHAT IS THIS APPROACH CALLED?
Eclectic (or Biopsychosocial)
A RESEARCHER COMBINES THE RESULTS OF 15 DIFFERENT PUBLISHED STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON ANXIETY TO IDENTIFY AN OVERALL PATTERN. WHAT RESEARCH METHOD IS THIS?
Meta-Analysis
DR. PATEL WANTS TO ENSURE THAT EACH PARTICIPANT HAS AN EQUAL CHANCE OF BEING PLACED IN EITHER THE EXPERIMENTAL OR CONTROL GROUP. WHAT TECHNIQUE SHOULD SHE USE?
Random Assignment
A RESEARCHER FINDS THAT HER EXPERIMENT HAS A P-VALUE OF .03. WHAT DOES THIS TELL HER ABOUT HER RESULTS?THAT
The results are statistically significant — the probability the results occurred by chance is less than 5% (below the .05 threshold).
A UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR REQUIRES HER STUDENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN PSYCHOLOGY EXPERIMENTS FOR COURSE CREDIT. WHICH ETHICAL CONCERN DOES THIS RAISE?
Voluntary participation/coercion
A RESEARCHER DESIGNS A TEST TO MEASURE ANXIETY, BUT THE TEST ACTUALLY MEASURES DEPRESSION INSTEAD. THIS TEST LACKS _______.
Validity