The First Americans
Where did the first Americans come from? How did they come to America? Why?
Asia, walked across land bridge, following food source
Who sailed west expecting to find a route to Asia?
Christopher Columbus
List three reasons that the Spanish wanted to colonize the Americas?
god, gold, glory
What was the most populated and urban city in the British colonies?
Philadelphia
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
List three ways in which the Cheyenne used the buffalo.
clothing, food, housing, religion, shoes
How did the family structure of Native Americans and West Africans differ from the European settlers?
extended family/tribe v. nuclear family
How was the relationship with Native Americans different for the Pilgrims and Purtians?
Pilgrims worked together with Natives, Puritans fought with them and took their land
Explain the triangular trade. What three continents were involved and what did they trade?
Europe, North America, and Africa
cash crops and raw materials to Europe, manufactured goods to Africa, slaves and gold to the Americas
Name and describe three taxes that were passed that angered the colonists. How did the colonists express their anger?
Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts
boycotts, burning symbols of tax collectors, forming Sons of Liberty, tar and feather tax agents
List and describe three type of housing that Native American tribes built.
igloo, wigwam, longhouse, adobe, teepee
Describe the similarities in religion between the Native Americans, West Africans, and Europeans.
Natives-animism; West Africans-animism and single creator God; Europeans-monotheism
List four problems that the Jamestown settlers encountered as well as two things that improved life in the colony.
undrinkable water, disease, lack of experience with labor, fighting with Powhatans
planting of tobacco, marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas
Explain the weather, land, and social activity of the New England Colonies.
very cold winters, cold rocky soil, religion as the focal point of social life
What was the Boston Tea Party? What were the consequences-list all 3.
dumping tea into Boston Harbor to protest tea tax against the colonists
Intolerable Acts-Quartering Act, closing Boston Harbor, martial law
Describe the different food sources for each of the five tribes that we learned about in class.
Northwest-whales, seals, fish
Hopi-corn, beans, squash
Cheyenne-buffalo
Cherokee-turkey, dear, bears, corn, beans
Iroquois-fish, local game, farming in warn weather
Describe the encomienda system.
peninsulares-Spanish born, wealthy, powerful
creoles-Spanish born in Spanish colonies
mestizos and mulattoes-mixed race
Native Americans and slaves
List three differences between the English and French colonists.
English-permanent settlements, large population, bad treatment of Native Americans
French-colonized to trade fur not to settle, fewer people, treated Native Americans well
Describe the weather and resources of the Middle Colonies. Name two and explain how they were established.
seasonal weather; wheat, iron, lumber, fishing, livestock; New York-founded by Dutch; taken by the British, Pennsylvania-founded by William Penn (Quakers)
Describe three battles from the Revolutionary War an why they were important.
Bunker Hill-showed that colonial army would be difficult to defeat
Trenton-Christmas attack that led to big victory for colonists
Saratoga-large casualties for British; France becomes ally of colonists
Yorktown-victory for the colonial army
Choose one tribe that we studied. List five details about this tribe.
answers will vary
List two positive and two negative effects of the meeting of these worlds.
positive-Columbian Exchange, development of modern civilizations in Western Hemisphere, reunification of separated species
negative-diseases killing Natives; enslavement of Natives
List one positive characteristic of the Puritans and one negative. How did dissent lead to two new colonies?
well-educated and literate; strict and authoritarian, mistreated the Natives; Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson found Rhode Island, Thomas Hooker established Connecticut
Describe the weather and resources of the Southern Colonies. What was the main labor source of the colonies? How did the Southern Colonies develop differently from the northern ones?
warm weather all year; tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice; slaves; slower to industrialize; did not rely on ports, used rivers to transport, self-sufficent (did not need stores-could make anything on the plantation)
What were four things that were discussed at the First Continental Congress? What were four things that were discussed at the Second Continental Congress?
1st-ending martial law, reopening Boston Harbor, colonial right to control taxes, boycott until colonial demands are met
2nd-independence, colonial govts., recognize continental army, establish diplomacy, print money, name general